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目的探讨母乳喂养传播艾滋病病毒Ⅰ型(HIV-1)的机会及其影响因素。方法对来自某地一次输血感染HIV-1的母亲出生的子女进行回顾性定群研究,并采集血标本检测HIV抗体。结果母乳喂养组的母婴传播率为37.3%(25/67),远高于非母乳喂养组的11.1%(3/27)。母亲感染1年内是母乳喂养传播率第一峰值期,第1-2年是谷底期,第3-9年逐年上升,第7-9年是第二峰值期,第二峰值高于第一峰值。存在不同母婴传播因素的母乳喂养传播率,均显著高于人工喂养组或家庭日常生活接触组。母乳喂养9个月以下未发现母乳喂养传播者,而母乳喂养10个月以上的传播率逐渐升高。结论母乳喂养是HIV-1传播的主要危险因素。
Objective To explore the opportunities and influential factors of breastfeeding transmission of HIV-1. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted on children born to mothers who had HIV-1 transfusions in one place and blood samples were collected for the detection of HIV antibodies. Results The rate of mother to child transmission in breastfeeding group was 37.3% (25/67), much higher than that in non-breastfeeding group (11.1% (3/27)). Maternal infection is the first peak period of breastfeeding rate within one year, the first two years is the trough period, the third to ninth years are increased year by year, the seventh to ninth years are the second peak period, the second peak is higher than the first peak . The frequency of breastfeeding with different mother-to-child transmission factors was significantly higher than that of the artificial feeding group or family daily contact group. Breast-feeding communicators were not found following 9 months of breastfeeding, while the rate of breastfeeding more than 10 months increased gradually. Conclusion Breastfeeding is a major risk factor for HIV-1 transmission.