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精神趋向性药物分为三类:抗精神病药(Antipsychotics)、抗抑郁药(Antidepressants)和抗焦虑药(Anxiolytics)。一、抗精神病药:又称强效安定药,属于若干不同类型的化学物质,包括吩噻嗪类、丁酰苯类、噻吨类、苯并二氮(艹卓)类和吲哚衍生物。虽其化学结构很不相同,但均具相似的药理作用和临床疗效。这些药物能对抗各种幻觉和妄想,减轻精神运动性兴奋,振奋萎靡病人的精神。从神经生理学上看,它们能增强丘脑下部和边缘系统的兴奋性。从生化上看,它们能阻断脑内多巴胺受体,能通过一种负反馈机制增加多巴胺的周转。二、抗抑郁药:又称精神强化药,包括三环胺类和单胺氧化酶抑制剂。这些药物能增加脑中适当突触部位去甲肾上腺素和5-羟色胺的利用,三环类药是通过抑制突触前神经末梢生物胺的再摄取而单胺氧化酶抑制剂则是以阻止生物胺的灭活而起作用的。三、抗焦虑药:又称弱效安定药,包括眠尔通、苯并二氮草类和有关的二羟基化合物。这些药物不影响神经递质的周转,主要作用是
Psychotropic drugs fall into three categories: Antipsychotics, Antidepressants and Anxiolytics. I. Antipsychotics: Also known as potent diazepam, it belongs to several different types of chemicals, including phenothiazines, butyrophenones, thioxanthenes, benzodiazepines and indole derivatives . Although its chemical structure is very different, but both have similar pharmacological effects and clinical efficacy. These drugs can fight a variety of hallucinations and delusions, reduce the excitement of psychomotor, inspire the spirit of dying patients. Neurophysiologically, they enhance the excitability of the hypothalamus and limbic system. Biochemically, they block dopamine receptors in the brain and increase dopamine turnover through a negative feedback mechanism. Second, antidepressants: also known as mental fortification drugs, including tricyclic amines and monoamine oxidase inhibitors. These drugs increase the utilization of norepinephrine and serotonin at the appropriate synapses in the brain. Tricyclics act by inhibiting the reuptake of biogenic amines at presynaptic nerve terminals whereas monoamine oxidase inhibitors prevent the biogenic amines from extinction Live and work. Third, anti-anxiety medicine: also known as weak-effect stability drugs, including Midecton, benzodiazepines and related dihydroxy compounds. These drugs do not affect the turnover of neurotransmitters, the main effect is