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自1970年代以来,英、美、德三国的历史学家愈加意识到,以往只关注变化并以“短时段”的历史事件为划分标准的历史分期方法,已然无助于解读具有连续性的历史问题。受法国年鉴学派和其他社会科学方法的冲击,他们不再囿于传统的精英史研究,而是探析人类历史的诸多面向。在史学发展的这一过程中,曾在很长一段时间影响和制约历史研究的“文艺复兴—宗教改革—大革命”的宏大线性叙事(即“3R”元叙事),逐渐为呈现历史复杂性的“近代早期”框架所取代。2015年出版的《牛津近代早期欧洲史(1350—1750年)手册》正是这一学术流变的产物。该书以“全球近代早期时代”为框架,充分吸收既有研究成果,利用医学、地理学、地图学、传播学、环境史、历史人口统计学、历史人类学、文化人类学等跨学科方法,重新解读转折时期的欧洲历史。该书不仅展现欧洲在长时段过程中容易被忽视的历史连续性,而且呈现其在政治、经济、文化、宗教、科技、军事、外交等诸多方面的发展变化。更重要的是,该书还有意识地将欧洲置于“全球近代早期”视域中加以审视,以凸显欧洲与世界其他地区的相遇与互动。
Historians in Britain, the United States and Germany have become increasingly aware since the 1970s that historically staging methods that historically focused solely on change and based on “short periods of time” as criteria for division of time have not helped to interpret continuity Historical issues. Impacted by the French Annals School and other social sciences, they no longer rely on the traditional study of elite history, but rather explore many aspects of human history. In the course of the development of history, the grand linear narrative (ie, “3R” meta-narration) of “Renaissance-Reformation-Great Revolution” that influenced and restricted historical research for a long time gradually showed Historical complexity “early modern ” framework replaced. The 2015 Handbook on Early Modern European History of Europe (1350-1750) was published as a result of this academic evolution. Based on the framework of “The Early Modern Age of Modern and Contemporary World”, this book fully absorbs the existing research results and makes use of such interdisciplinary features as medicine, geography, cartography, communication, environmental history, historical demography, historical anthropology and cultural anthropology Discipline, re-interpret the turning point of European history. The book not only shows the historical continuity that Europe is easily overlooked over a long period of time, but also shows its development and changes in politics, economy, culture, religion, science and technology, military affairs and diplomacy. More importantly, the book also conscientiously examines Europe in the “early modern world” perspective to highlight the encounter and interaction between Europe and the rest of the world.