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鱼类和所有动物一样,为了个体的生长、发育和种族的延续,必须摄取食物。在养鱼生产上把鱼类的食物总称为鱼类的饵料。饵料是生活着的鱼类进行代谢作用必不可少的物质,其主要成份有蛋白质、脂肪、醣类、无机盐和维生素等。这些养分经过消化和吸收转化为鱼类自身的物质,鱼类才能生长、发育和繁殖后代。在养殖生产上可供鱼类作为食物的水体中的天然生物或利用人工方法繁殖的生物统称为天然饵料;利用动物产品或采用动植物加工制作后作为鱼类食物的则属于人工饵料。前者有浮游生物、底栖生物、水生动植物等,后者有蚕蛹、鱼粉、内脏废弃物、麦、麸、糖等。
Fish, like all other animals, must eat for the growth, development and ethnic continuation of the individual. In the production of fish in the general term for the food of fish food bait. Fish food is essential for the metabolism of living fish substances, the main components of protein, fat, carbohydrates, salts and vitamins. After these nutrients are digested and absorbed into the fish’s own substance, fish can grow, develop and reproduce. Natural organisms in aquatic products that are available for fish as food in breeding production or those that are artificially propagated are collectively referred to as natural foodstuffs; artificial foodstuffs that are made from animal products or processed into fish and processed by animals and plants. The former has plankton, benthic organisms, aquatic animals and plants, etc., the latter silkworm pupa, fish meal, visceral waste, wheat, bran, sugar and so on.