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凋亡是以形态学和生物化学的一系列改变为特征的,这些变化包括细胞内蛋白水解酶对细胞核以及细胞浆中底物的分解等。凋亡可能是由于生存信号的缺乏所引起的,也可能由于各种损伤刺激而被激活,如缺氧、反应性氧自由基拉动、补体激活、一氧化氮以及肿瘤坏死因子、CD95细胞表面终末的Fas受体配体等细胞因子。凋亡诱发细胞表面的特殊变化,例如正常情况下在细胞内膜上的磷酸酰丝氨酸的暴露,导致凋亡细胞的快速降解,并被周围细胞及趋化的吞
Apoptosis is characterized by a series of morphological and biochemical changes, including the intracellular proteolytic enzymes on the nucleus and the decomposition of cytoplasmic substrates. Apoptosis may be caused by the lack of survival signals and may also be activated by various damage stimuli such as hypoxia, reactive oxygen species pull-up, complement activation, nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor, CD95 cell surface Last Fas receptor ligands and other cytokines. Apoptosis-induced changes in the cell surface, such as exposure of phosphotserine on the intracellular membranes under normal conditions, lead to rapid degradation of apoptotic cells and are induced by the surrounding cells and chemotaxis