印度南部可可炭疽病的症状与分布

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印度记录到的可可病害中,仅发现疫霉病[Phytophthora palmivora(Bult.)Butl.]、炭疽病[Colletotrichum gloeosporioides-(Penz.)Sacc;]和果褐腐病(Botryodiplodia theobromae.Pat.)是主要病害。炭疽病产生三种叶部症状(叶枯、叶穿孔和不规则叶斑)以及果腐(幼果、青果)。在所有调查地区均发现叶桔的症状。在喀拉拉邦的Alleppey和Idukki地区以及卡纳塔克邦的Bangalore和Tumkur地区没有观察到叶穿孔的症状。只在卡纳塔克邦的三个地区观察到不规则汗斑。徐Idukki区外,所有地区都发现有果腐。在所调查的101个可可园中,叶桔症状的发生率最高(达78%),其次是叶穿孔症状(42%)和不规则叶斑症状(12%)。调查的可可园中,60%发生果腐。也发现病害症状的类别受种植形式的影响。在重荫蔽情况下叶枯显著;相反,在荫蔽相对小的可可一椰子混种园和纯可可园里通常出现叶穿孔。种植形式与不规则叶斑和果腐的发病率关系不大。在低海拔(0-120米)的可可园,叶片症状和果腐的发生率较高。根据本研究,可以推断可可炭疽病除了不规则叶斑症状外,其余症状已在印度主要可可种植区蔓延,并有可能在最近发生流行。 Among the cocoa diseases recorded in India, only Phytophthora palmivora (Bult.) Butl., Anthrax [Colletotrichum gloeosporioides- (Penz.) Sacc; and Botryodiplodia theobromae. Pat. The main disease. Anthracnose produces three leaf symptoms (leaf blight, leaf perforation and irregular leaf spot) and fruit rot (young fruit, green fruit). Leaf orange symptoms were found in all surveyed areas. No symptoms of leaf perforation were observed in the areas of Alleppey and Idukki in Kerala and Bangalore and Tumkur areas in Karnataka. Irregular sweat spots were observed in only three areas in Karnataka. Outside the area of ​​Xu Idukki, fruit rot is found in all areas. Among the 101 cocoa fields investigated, the incidence of leaf orange symptoms was highest (up to 78%), followed by leaflet perforation symptoms (42%) and irregular leaf spot symptoms (12%). Of the cocoa gardens surveyed, 60% experienced fruit decay. Also found that the type of disease symptoms affected by the form of planting. Leaf blight is significant under heavy shading; in contrast, leaf perforation usually occurs in the relatively small cocoa-coconut mixed plantations and purely cocoa plants. There is not much difference between the planting forms and the incidence of irregular leaf spot and fruit rot. In low altitude (0-120 m) cocoa fields, the incidence of leaf symptoms and fruit rot is high. Based on this study, it can be concluded that in addition to the irregular leaf spot symptoms of anthracnose in cocoa, the remaining symptoms have spread in the main cocoa plantings of India and are likely to have been recently prevalent.
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