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我们在阅读古文时,常常遇到这样一种现象:同一个字,在不同的场合,往往有两种截然相反的意义。这种现象,古人在训诂学上称为“反训”。晋郭璞注《尔雅》时指出“义有反复旁通,美恶不嫌同名”。清俞樾、近人杨树达等均对反训说有所例(?),然而他们都没有揭示相反为训的内在根据。本文试图通过部分实例,从词汇内部形式来说明词义的两重性及反向分化。
When reading classical Chinese, we often encounter such a phenomenon: the same word, on different occasions, there are often two diametrically opposed meanings. This phenomenon, the ancients in the training of 称 called “anti-training”. Jin Guo Pu Note “Er Ya” pointed out that “righteous have repeatedly by-pass, the United States and the United Kingdom do not die the same name ”. There are some examples (?) Of Qing Yu-yu and Yang Shuda, both of whom are near the anti-disciples. However, none of them revealed the inherent basis of the opposite. This article attempts to illustrate the duality and reverse differentiation of lexical meaning through some examples from the internal forms of lexicon.