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目的了解和掌握楚雄州60年间传染病流行规律及疾病谱变迁情况,为调整防制策略和措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对传染病疫情进行分析。结果 1951-2010年共报告甲、乙、丙三类传染病31种,计3 221 210例,死亡10 610例。病例集中在1951-1980年,占总数的84.8%;总发病率为2 491.13/10万,病死率为0.33%。其中发病高峰为1971-1980年,占总数的54.16%;发病最少的为1991-2010年,占总数的1.59%。发病数年均递减53 630例,发病率年均递减40%。1991-2010年,总发病率在117.43/10万～282.86/10万之间。已经消灭的传染病1种,为天花;已消除脊髓灰质炎等5种;已基本消除疟疾等6种;死灰复燃的梅毒等3种;新发的艾滋病等3种;发病率近年快速上升的1种,为肺结核;发病率得到有效控制,但仍是流行的主要疾病的痢疾等4种;发病率无明显变化的流行性出血热等7种。结论楚雄州传染病疫情仍然严峻,对人群健康威胁仍然较大,防控任务仍然较重,须调整防控策略并分别加以落实。
Objective To understand and grasp the epidemic rules and disease spectrum changes of infectious disease in Chuxiong Prefecture in the past 60 years and provide a scientific basis for adjusting prevention and control strategies and measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic situation of infectious diseases. Results A total of 31 infectious diseases including A, B and C were reported from 1951 to 2010, accounting for 3 221 210 cases and 10 610 deaths. The cases concentrated in 1951-1980, accounting for 84.8% of the total; the overall incidence was 2 491.13 / 100 000 and the case fatality rate was 0.33%. Including the peak incidence of 1971-1980, accounting for 54.16% of the total; the least incidence of 1991-2010, accounting for 1.59% of the total. The number of cases decreased by 53 630 cases over the past few years, with an average annual decline of 40%. From 1991 to 2010, the overall incidence was between 117.43 / 10 000 and 282.86 / 100 000. 1 species of already-eradicated infectious diseases are smallpox; 5 species of polio have been eliminated; 6 species of malaria have been basically eliminated; 3 resurrected syphilis and other 3 kinds of newly-emerged AIDS; the incidence of rapid increase in recent years Species for tuberculosis; the incidence has been effectively controlled, but is still the prevalence of major diseases such as dysentery 4; no significant change in the incidence of epidemic hemorrhagic fever and other 7 species. Conclusion The epidemic situation of infectious diseases in Chuxiong Prefecture is still severe, the health risks to the population are still large, the prevention and control tasks are still heavy, and the prevention and control strategies must be adjusted and implemented separately.