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目的:了解不同性别苯丙胺类物质(amphetamine-type stimulants,ATS)滥用者人口学资料,吸毒史及ATS滥用后果的差异,为今后更好地开展个性化的心理治疗干预提供理论依据。方法:回顾性调查来自上海强制隔离戒毒所的1991例ATS滥用者,其中男性1559例,女性432例,比较男女ATS滥用者在人口学资料,吸毒状况(首吸年龄,吸毒年限,使用频率,吸毒原因等)及ATS滥用后果(抑郁、焦虑情绪,高危性行为)上的差异。结果:女性平均滥用年龄显著低于男性5岁左右(P<0.01);男女在婚姻上存在显著差异,女性更多处于未婚状况(P<0.01);女性的首吸年龄显著小于男性(P<0.01),在滥用频率上,女性多药物滥用问题显著高于男性(P<0.01),同时,男女在使用原因、场所以及来源等问题上存在显著差异;男性抑郁得分显著高于女性(P<0.01),二者在焦虑得分上不存在显著性差异,男女在使用中ATS后发生高危性行为的概率上存在显著差异(P<0.01)。结论:男、女在药物滥用及行为后果上存在不同,因此需要重视男女性的差异,开展有针对性的个性化的心理治疗干预。
OBJECTIVE: To understand the differences of demographic data, drug abuse history and abuse consequences of ATS among different genders of amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS), so as to provide a theoretical basis for better personalized psychotherapy intervention in the future. Methods: A total of 1991 ATS abusers from Shanghai compulsory isolated detoxification center were retrospectively investigated. Among them, 1559 males and 432 females were included in this study. The demographic data, drug abuse status (first-sucking age, drug addiction period, frequency of use, Drug use, etc.) and the consequences of abuse of ATS (depression, anxiety, high-risk behavior). Results: The mean abuse age of women was significantly lower than that of men (P <0.01). There was significant difference between men and women in marriage, more women were in unmarried status (P <0.01) 0.01). The frequency of abuse was significantly higher in women than in men (P <0.01). At the same time, there were significant differences in the reasons for use, place and source between men and women. The depression scores of men were significantly higher than those of women (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in anxiety scores between the two groups. There was a significant difference (P <0.01) in the probability of high-risk sexual behaviors between men and women after using ATS. Conclusion: Men and women have different effects on drug abuse and behavior, so we should pay attention to the difference between men and women and carry out targeted individualized psychological intervention.