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随着石油和天然气需求量的日益增加、世界石油储量的不断减少,人类正面临着前所未有的危机和挑战,急需采用新的技术去探明和开发石油和天然气,同时需要提高重质和沥青质原油的采收率。实验研究表明微生物提高原油采收率技术可以给人们提供新的解决方案。尽管人类认识到微生物的这种潜能已有50年之久,但直到今天,人们才开始把这项技术应用到实践中。例如,为了减少微生物的发酵,石油开采者通过主要的化学和石油服务公司长时间地向墨西哥海湾的北海油田、中东,以及北美更小一些油田投加硝酸盐。本文基于卡尔加里大学建立的大量石油微生物学的专业知识,对微生物发酵问题制定了一系列策略,为今后更好地开展微生物研究奠定了基础。
With the increasing demand for oil and natural gas, the world’s oil reserves are declining. Mankind is facing an unprecedented crisis and challenge. It is urgent to adopt new technologies to identify and develop oil and gas. At the same time, it is necessary to improve the quality of heavy and asphaltene Recovery of crude oil. Experimental studies show that microbial technologies to improve oil recovery can provide people with new solutions. Although humans have been aware of this potential of microbes for 50 years, it is not until today that people are beginning to apply this technology to practice. For example, in order to reduce microbial fermentation, oil sealers, through major chemical and oil service companies, have long fed nitrates to the North Sea, Middle East, and smaller North American fields in the Gulf of Mexico. Based on the extensive expertise in petroleum microbiology established by the University of Calgary, this article has developed a series of strategies for microbial fermentation that have laid the foundation for better microbiological research in the future.