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【目的】探讨早期喂养方式对婴幼儿肥胖发生及转归的影响,为临床有效预防提供策略。【方法】回顾调查522名在南京市妇幼保健院儿保科体检的2岁儿童,按其0~4个月喂养方式不同分成母乳喂养组与人工喂养组,比较两组儿童在不同月龄(3、6、9、12、18及24个月)时超重及肥胖的发生率;并纵向观察3月龄组超重及肥胖儿童随月龄增长超重及肥胖的转归情况。【结果】人工喂养组儿童各月龄肥胖发生率、超重加肥胖发生率呈先递增后递减趋势,母乳喂养组则呈现随月龄增加递减趋势。其中18月龄母乳喂养组儿童肥胖发生率显著低于人工喂养组,12、24月龄母乳喂养组儿童超重加肥胖发生率显著低于人工喂养组(P<0.05);两组中3月龄发生超重及肥胖的儿童在后期各月龄肥胖发生率逐渐下降,以母乳喂养组下降更明显(P<0.05)。【结论】早期母乳喂养对2岁以内儿童超重及肥胖的发生有保护作用;母乳喂养对早期超重及肥胖儿童后期超重及肥胖的发生亦有保护作用。
【Objective】 To explore the effect of early feeding on the occurrence and prognosis of obesity in infants and young children and to provide strategies for effective clinical prevention. 【Methods】 A total of 522 2-year-old children undergoing physical examinations in Nanjing Maternity and Child Care Hospital were retrospectively investigated. The 2-year-old children were divided into breastfeeding group and artificial feeding group according to their 0-4 month feeding patterns. , 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months). The longitudinal and longitudinal changes of overweight and obesity were observed in 3-month-old overweight and obese children. 【Results】 The incidence of obesity, the incidence of overweight and obesity in each age group in artificial feeding group increased first and then decreased, while that in breastfeeding group showed a decreasing trend with increasing age. Among them, the incidence of obesity in 18-month-old breastfeeding group was significantly lower than that in artificial feeding group, while the incidence of overweight plus obesity in 12 and 24-month-old breastfeeding group was significantly lower than that in artificial feeding group (P <0.05) The prevalence of obesity in the overweight and obese children decreased gradually at the later months, especially in the breastfeeding group (P <0.05). 【Conclusion】 Early breastfeeding has a protective effect on overweight and obesity in children younger than 2 years old. Breastfeeding also plays a protective role in the overweight and obesity in early overweight and obesity children.