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[目的]分析西藏自治区2004～2005年恶性肿瘤死亡分布特点和流行趋势。[方法]抽取2004～2005年全国第3次死因回顾调查西藏自治区1市4县恶性肿瘤死亡资料,覆盖总人年数为388626人年,其中男性188269人年,女性200357人年。按性别和地区分别计算粗死亡率、肿瘤死因构成比、年龄别构成比、中国人口标化死亡率、世界人口标化死亡率和肿瘤死因顺位。并与第1次全国死因回顾调查(1973～1975年)资料比较。[结果]2004～2005年共调查西藏自治区恶性肿瘤死亡病例250例,粗死亡率为64.33/10万,中标率为50.94/10万,世标率为63.70/10万。男性死亡率高于女性死亡率,男性合计粗死亡率为77.55/10万,女性为51.91/10万。男性最常见恶性肿瘤包括胃癌、肝癌、肺癌、食管癌和结直肠癌,前7位合计占男性恶性肿瘤死亡的94.52%;女性最常见恶性肿瘤包括胃癌、肝癌、食管癌、宫颈癌和乳腺癌,前8位合计占女性恶性肿瘤死亡的93.27%。城市和农村地区的死亡癌谱有较大差异,城市地区恶性肿瘤死亡前3位为胃癌、肝癌和肺癌,农村地区死亡前3位为胃癌、肝癌和食管癌。与70年代相比,城市和农村的胃癌、食管癌和结直肠癌粗死亡率水平呈下降趋势,肝癌和肺癌粗死亡率均呈上升趋势。[结论]西藏自治区恶性肿瘤死亡率低于全国和西部地区平均水平,胃癌和肝癌仍然是影响西藏人口最主要的肿瘤死因。
[Objective] To analyze the distribution characteristics and epidemic trend of death from malignant tumor in Tibet Autonomous Region from 2004 to 2005. [Methods] A retrospective investigation of the third death from 2004 to 2005 in 4 counties of one city in Tibet Autonomous Region was conducted to cover 388626 person-years, including 188269 males and 200357 females. According to sex and region, the crude mortality rate, the proportion of cancer death causes, age-specific composition ratio, China’s population standardized mortality rate, world’s demographic mortality rate and oncology mortality ranking were respectively calculated. And with the first national cause of death review (1973 ~ 1975) data comparison. [Results] A total of 250 deaths from malignant tumors were investigated in Tibet Autonomous Region from 2004 to 2005, with a crude death rate of 64.33 / 100 000 and a winning rate of 50.94 / 100 000 with a world standard rate of 63.70 / 100,000. The male mortality rate is higher than the female mortality rate. The total male death rate is 77.55 / 100,000 and the female is 51.91 / 100,000. The most common malignant tumors in men included gastric cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, esophageal cancer and colorectal cancer. The top 7 patients accounted for 94.52% of the total deaths from male malignancies. The most common malignant tumors in women included gastric cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, cervical cancer and breast cancer , The first eight together accounted for 93.27% of female cancer deaths. There are significant differences in cancer death patterns in urban and rural areas. The top three cancer deaths in urban areas were gastric cancer, liver cancer and lung cancer, while the top three deaths in rural areas were gastric cancer, liver cancer and esophageal cancer. Compared with the 1970s, the crude mortality rates of gastric cancer, esophageal cancer and colorectal cancer in urban and rural areas showed a downward trend, and the crude death rates of liver cancer and lung cancer all showed an upward trend. [Conclusion] The mortality rate of malignant tumor in Tibet Autonomous Region is lower than the average level of the whole country and the western region. Gastric cancer and liver cancer are still the most important tumor causes of death in Tibet.