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对湖北省大冶有色金属公司铜冶炼厂附近３４个不同污染程度的酸性和石灰性土壤中Ｃｄ的形态分配规律，及其影响因素进行研究。结果表明，污染土壤中Ｃｄ中的活性很高，无论是酸性土壤，还是石灰性土壤，均以Ｅｘｃｈ－Ｃｄ含量为最高。不同类型土壤中Ｃｄ形态分配规律分别为，酸性土壤：Ｅｓｃｈ－＞ＳＢＯ－＞ＷＢＯ－＞ＯｘＭｎ－；而在石灰性土壤中，则为：Ｅｘｃｈ－＞Ｃａｒｂ－＞ＷＢＯ－＞ＯｘＭｎ－。但由于碳酸钙对Ｃｄ的直接吸持和有机质对Ｃｄ吸持的增加，使Ｅｘｃｈ－分配系数明显低于酸性土壤。土壤各组分对Ｃｄ的亲和能力不同，其中以氧化锰组分对Ｃｄ的亲和能力最强，其次是碳酸钙和有机质。土壤中Ｃｄ的形态分配受一些土壤基本性状的制约，Ｅｘｃｈ－Ｃｄ的分配系数与土壤ｐＨ，氧化锰和粘粒含量密切相关；ＳＢＯ－Ｃｄ的分配系数则主要受土壤中氧化物含量和存在形态的影响。
The morphological distribution of Cd in 34 acidic and calcareous soils with different levels of pollution near the copper smelter in Daye Nonferrous Co., Hubei Province, and its influencing factors were studied. The results showed that the activity of Cd in contaminated soils was high, and the content of Exch-Cd was the highest in both acidic and calcareous soils. The distribution of Cd forms in different types of soils were acidic soil: Esch-> SBO-> WBO-> OxMn-, while in calcareous soil, Exch-> Carb-> WBO-> OxMn-. However, due to the direct absorption of Cd by calcium carbonate and the increase of Cd adsorption by organic matter, the Exch-partition coefficient was significantly lower than that of acid soil. The affinity of each component of soil to Cd is different, of which manganese oxide has the strongest affinity to Cd, followed by calcium carbonate and organic matter. The distribution of Cd in soil was controlled by some basic characters of soil. The partition coefficient of Exch-Cd was closely related to the content of soil pH, manganese oxide and clay. The partition coefficient of SBO-Cd was mainly affected by the content of oxides and the existing forms of soil Impact.