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商品经济或市场经济是如何产生和发展起来的呢?回答了这个问题,我们也就弄清了商品生产和交换形成和发展的一般条件。亚当·斯密曾经断言,商品交换关系之所以产生,是因为人类天生具有相互进行交易的自然倾向。按照这种说法,既然商品交换产生于人类的自然本性,那么它就应当像饮食男女一样,是伴随人类的产生而产生的现象,因而一开始就应当是人类经济活动的基本形式。但是,人类社会发展的历史却表明,商品关系并不是从来就有的,在原始社会的漫长岁月中,不知商品交换为何物,商品关系是在人类的历史发展进程中,随着劳动生产率
How did the commodity economy or the market economy emerge and develop? Answering this question, we also clarified the general conditions for the formation and development of commodity production and exchange. Adam Smith once asserted that the relation of commodity exchange arises because human beings are naturally born with the natural tendency to trade with each other. According to this argument, since the exchange of commodities arises from the natural human nature, it should be the phenomenon that accompanies human beings, like men and women of diets, and therefore should be the basic form of human economic activity from the very beginning. However, the history of the development of human society shows that the relationship between commodities does not always exist. In the protracted years of primitive society, it was unknown what the exchange of commodities was and the relationship between commodities was in the course of the historical development of mankind. With the development of labor productivity