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目的 分析湖州市疟疾流行状况及消除疟疾防制历程,总结防制经验。方法 根据1950—2015年湖州市疟疾防制资料,对防制工作各阶段采取的措施与实施效果进行描述性分析。结果 湖州市近60年先后出现1954—1955年、1962—1963年和70年代初三次较大规模的疟疾流行,其中1963年发病率最高,为13981.76/10万。随着疟疾规范治疗(包括抗复发治疗)措施的实施和防蚊设施的改善,70年代起湖州市疟疾年均发病率逐步下降,主要原因是嗜人按蚊消失以及居民防蚊设施改善。1980—1989年湖州市设立15~30个乡镇为疟疾纵向监测点,村庄覆盖率达70%以上,1989年通过基本消灭疟疾考核。1990—2009年年均发病率为0.37/10万,其中输入性病例占48.95%。2010年后,湖州市已无本地感染疟疾病例。2010—2015年,湖州市无当地感染病例及输入继发病例发生,均为境外输入病例。结论 湖州市在不同时期采取针对性的疟疾防制措施,取得了显著成效,今后应加强流动人口监测,及时有效地处置输入病例。
Objective To analyze the epidemic situation of malaria in Huzhou City and eliminate the course of malaria control and summarize the experience of prevention and control. Methods Based on the malaria control data from 1950 to 2015 in Huzhou City, the descriptive analysis of the measures taken and the implementation effects of various stages of prevention and control work was made. Results Huzhou had three large-scale malaria epidemic in 1954-1955, 1962-1963 and early 1970s in the recent 60 years, of which the highest incidence was 19,981.76 / 100,000 in 1963. With the implementation of malaria regulatory treatment (including anti-relapse treatment) and the improvement of mosquito control facilities, the annual average incidence of malaria in Huzhou since the 1970s has been gradually decreasing, mainly due to the disappearance of Anopheles anthropophagus and the improvement of residents’ anti-mosquito facilities. From 1980 to 1989, Huzhou established 15 ~ 30 towns and townships as vertical monitoring points for malaria. The village coverage rate reached over 70%. In 1989, the project basically eliminated the assessment of malaria. The average annual incidence of 1990-2009 was 0.37 / 100,000, of which 48.95% were imported. After 2010, Huzhou City has no local cases of malaria infection. 2010-2015, Huzhou City, a case of untreated and imported cases of secondary occurrence, are imported cases. Conclusion Huzhou City has taken significant malaria control measures in different periods and has achieved remarkable results. In the future, monitoring of floating population should be strengthened to deal with imported cases timely and effectively.