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清末新政期间的一系列改革使传统儒学失去了制度上的保障,以封建纲常伦理为核心的旧文化逐渐被以民主和科学为核心的新文化所替代。这种新文化体系的构成中,一些传统的学科或不能适应社会现代化的需要而逐渐衰落,如儒学;或接受西方近代文化的影响,变革原有学科内容和体系,向现代学科转化,如哲学、史学、文学艺术等。而从西方传入的一些新领域和新学科得以兴起和发展,如法学、政治学、社会学、经济学等。这些学科大大丰富了中国近代文化的体系内涵。
A series of reforms during the late Qing Dynasty made traditional Confucianism lose its institutional guarantee. The old culture centered on feudal ethics was gradually replaced by a new culture centered on democracy and science. In the composition of this new cultural system, some traditional disciplines may not meet the needs of social modernization and gradually decline, such as Confucianism; or accept the influence of Western modern culture, change the contents and system of the original disciplines and transform them into modern subjects such as philosophy , History, literature and art. However, some new fields and new disciplines introduced from the West have emerged and developed, such as law, politics, sociology and economics. These disciplines have greatly enriched the system connotation of Chinese modern culture.