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当前,基础教育的紧迫任务是实现“应试教育”向素质教育的转变。美育是素质教育的一个重要方面,它在促进学生全面发展和健康个性的成长中起到不可忽视的作用。中小学美术课教学大纲明确指出,美术课“是对学生进行审美教育的重要途径”,“它对陶冶情操,启迪智慧,促进学生全面发展,具有重要作用。”因此,通过教学向学生进行审美教育是中小学美术教学的首要任务。 美术学科之所以从过去的“图画”改称为“美术”,说明其涵义广了,内容也更为丰富。它不仅仅是教会学生图画的技巧,更重要的是负有指导审美鉴赏的任务。然而,在中小学美术教学过程中,往往存在着重“术”轻“美”的现象,只满足于对学生进行绘画技能的简单传授和练习,忽视进行美学原理、审美知识和根据美术教学的具体形象的特点开发学生智力、提高想象能力和创造能力的培养,以致未能真正地完成美术教学的任务,达不到教学大纲提出的教学要求。这种现象必须改变。
At present, the urgent task of basic education is to realize the transition from “exam-oriented education” to quality education. Aesthetic education is an important aspect of quality education. It plays an important role in promoting the overall development of students and the growth of healthy personality. The syllabus for art classes in primary and secondary schools clearly points out that the art class “is an important way for students to carry out aesthetic education” and “it plays an important role in cultivating sentiment, inspiring wisdom, and promoting students’ all-round development.” Therefore, aesthetics are taught to students through teaching. Education is the primary task of art teaching in primary and secondary schools. The reason why the fine arts discipline has been renamed from the “picture” of the past as “fine arts” shows that it has a wide range of meanings and richer content. It not only teaches students the skills of drawing, but more importantly, it has the task of guiding aesthetic appreciation. However, in the process of art teaching in primary and secondary schools, there is often a phenomenon focusing on “skills” and “beauty”. It is only satisfied with the simple teaching and practice of painting skills for students, ignoring the principles of aesthetics, aesthetic knowledge, and the specifics of art teaching. The characteristics of the image develop students’ intelligence, improve imagination and creativity, and fail to truly complete the tasks of art teaching, failing to meet the teaching requirements of the syllabus. This phenomenon must change.