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目的:探讨余姚地区结核病流行病学特征及预防措施。方法:采取分层整群等比例随机抽样方法在余姚地区进行结核病流行病学调查,计算该地区结核病患病率,分析患病特点、诊断治疗及预防措施。结果:该次抽样调查共30 671人,发现活动性肺结核病人87例,其中菌阳肺结核13例,涂阳肺结核6例,全区活动性肺结核患病率283.7/10万,涂阳肺结核患病率42.4/10万,菌阳肺结核患病率19.6/10万。随着年龄的增大,肺结核患病率逐渐增加,且45岁开始后,患病率增加明显,60岁以上老人肺结核患病率增加更为显著。活动性肺结核病人、菌阳肺结核病人、涂阳肺结核病人中男性占较大比例,结核病知识知晓率为51.7%。87例肺结核患者家庭收入低于余姚平均水平的有68例,占78.2%。87例活动性肺结核患者给予强化治疗后,2个月转阴67例,转阴率为77.0%,3个月转阴80例,转阴率为92.0%。结论:余姚地区结核病情依然严峻,活动性结核患病率较高,仍为耐药性结核病的高发区,以老年男性为主,因此当地应加强健康教育,呼吁市民养成良好的卫生习惯,降低传染机会,并采取有效防治措施来控制结核病。
Objective: To explore the epidemiological characteristics and preventive measures of tuberculosis in Yuyao area. Methods: Stratified cluster sampling was used to carry out an epidemiological survey of tuberculosis in Yuyao area. The prevalence of tuberculosis in this area was calculated and the characteristics of the disease, diagnosis and treatment and preventive measures were analyzed. Results: A total of 30 671 people were surveyed in this sampling. 87 active tuberculosis patients were found, of which 13 were bacillary positive pulmonary tuberculosis, 6 smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis, 283.7 per 100,000 live tuberculosis in the region, smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis Rate of 42.4 / 100000, the prevalence of bacteria positive pulmonary tuberculosis 19.6 / 100000. With the increase of age, the prevalence of tuberculosis gradually increased, and the prevalence increased significantly after the age of 45, and the prevalence of tuberculosis in the elderly over the age of 60 increased more significantly. Active tuberculosis patients, bacteria positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients, smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients accounted for a large proportion of men, TB knowledge awareness rate was 51.7%. 87 cases of tuberculosis patients with family income lower than the average level of Yuyao 68 cases, accounting for 78.2%. 87 cases of active tuberculosis patients after intensive treatment, 2 months, 67 cases of negative, negative conversion rate of 77.0%, 3 months, 80 cases of negative, negative conversion rate was 92.0%. Conclusion: The prevalence of tuberculosis in Yuyao area is still severe and the prevalence of active tuberculosis is still high. It is still a high prevalence area of drug-resistant tuberculosis and is dominated by elderly men. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen health education in local areas and urge citizens to develop good health habits. Reduce the chance of infection and take effective prevention and control measures to control tuberculosis.