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前言随着核工业的发展,核能及核技术的广泛应用,放射性环境污染日益严重。为了核工业的持续发展和防止核废物危害人类健康,核废物管理已成为当务之急。美国在这方面每年要投资3—5亿美元。联合国国际原子能机构于1978年成立了放射性废物地质处置顾问组。欧洲共同体委员会对核废物处置也进行了专门研究,国际经济协作和开发组织的核能机构包括澳大利亚、比利时、加拿大、法国、西德、日本、美国等二十多个国家。澳大利亚、苏联,英国等许多国家都制定了核废物地质隔离计划。美国、瑞典和加拿大等七个国家在这方面达成了合作的双边或多边协定。核废物管理包括处置和处理。处置主要指核废物
Preface With the development of the nuclear industry, the widespread application of nuclear energy and nuclear technology, radioactive environmental pollution is worsening day by day. For the sustainable development of the nuclear industry and the prevention of nuclear waste from endangering human health, nuclear waste management has become a top priority. The United States should invest 3-5 billion U.S. dollars in this area every year. The United Nations International Atomic Energy Agency established the Advisory Group on Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste in 1978. The Commission of the European Communities also conducted a special study on nuclear waste disposal. The IAEA’s nuclear energy agencies include more than 20 countries including Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, West Germany, Japan and the United States. Many countries such as Australia, the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom have enacted a program of geological separation of nuclear waste. Seven countries, including the United States, Sweden and Canada, have reached bilateral and multilateral cooperation in this regard. Nuclear waste management includes disposal and disposal. Disposal mainly refers to nuclear waste