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在长期田间定位试验区,研究了长期不同施肥对红壤区水稻叶片光合特性和部分保护酶活性及产量的影响。结果表明,在不施肥(CK)、无机肥(N、NP、NPK)、有机肥(猪粪+紫云英绿肥,M)和无机肥与有机肥配施(NPKM)处理中,长期施用肥料,特别是有机肥与无机肥配施有利于提高水稻孕穗期、齐穗期、乳熟期剑叶叶绿素含量、净光合作用速率、保护酶活性和水稻产量;水稻剑叶叶绿素含量、净光合作用速率和过氧化氢酶活性在不同生育期的高低顺序为孕穗期>齐穗期>乳熟期,而超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性以齐穗期为最大;孕穗期、齐穗期、乳熟期叶绿素含量、净光合速率、部分保护酶活性和水稻产量之间均呈显著正相关。因此,长期施用肥料,特别是有机肥与无机肥配施更有利于促进红壤区水稻生长发育和提高水稻叶片保护酶活性及水稻产量。
In long-term field experiment, the effects of long-term fertilization on photosynthetic characteristics, protective enzyme activities and yield of rice leaves in red soil area were studied. The results showed that the long-term application of fertilizer (CK), inorganic fertilizer (N, NP, NPK), organic fertilizer (pig manure + Ziyunying green manure, M) and inorganic fertilizer and organic manure (NPKM) , Especially combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers is beneficial to increase the chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis rate, protective enzyme activity and rice yield in flag leaf, heading stage, milky ripening stage; chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis The order of the rate and catalase activity at different growth stages was booting stage> heading stage> milking stage, while the activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase were the highest in heading stage; booting stage, There was a significant positive correlation between chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, partial protective enzyme activity and rice yield during the maturity stage. Therefore, the long-term application of fertilizers, especially the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers is more conducive to promoting red paddy rice growth and development and to improve rice leaf protective enzyme activity and rice yield.