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螺栓联接效果的好坏取决于压紧力。过大的压紧力可能会在联接处产生应力裂纹,从而导致螺栓或联接件损坏,而压紧力过小则可能产生漏失。或者在震动、加载及温度变化的工况下,联接会出现松动。过小的压紧力也可能造成联接面滑移,从而造成卡住轴承之类的故障,压紧力过大过小都可能导致疲劳破坏。如果向联接系统内的螺栓上施加的扭矩全部直接地转变成了压紧力,那么,选择合适的预紧力或者拧紧力矩都应是很简便的,但实际的情况是:绝大部分的施加扭矩根本没有转变成势能储存起来,而且极少的被储存起来的能量也不可能全部转变成压紧力。因此,确定合适的螺栓拧紧力矩要从输入功的消耗、储存能量的损耗、温度变化的影响等因素的分析中入手。
Bolt connection depends on the effect of compression. Excessive pressing force may cause stress cracks in the joint, resulting in damage to the bolt or the coupling, and may result in leakage if the pressing force is too small. Or vibration, loading and temperature changes in the conditions, the connection will appear loose. Too small a pressing force may also cause the joint surface slipping, resulting in stuck trouble such as bearings, the pressing force is too small may cause fatigue damage. If all the torques applied to the bolts in the coupling system are converted directly to the pressing force, then it should be easy to select a suitable pre-stressing or tightening torque, but in practice the vast majority of applications The torque is not converted into potential energy at all, and very little of the stored energy can not be converted into a pressing force. Therefore, to determine the appropriate bolt tightening torque from the input power consumption, storage of energy loss, temperature changes and other factors in the analysis.