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中美经济相互依赖具有不对称性,其中美国处于优势地位,中国处于劣势地位。从敏感性上看,美国的政策取向对中国的影响远远大于中国对美国的影响;从脆弱性上说,中美经贸关系的终止中国需要承担远胜于美国的代价。正是基于相互依赖关系中敏感性和脆弱性的不平衡,处于优势地位的美国被赋予了不对称权力。这种不对称权力通过三方面表现出来:美国认为中国是自身安全保障的威胁;第二,美国视中国为非市场经济国家;第三,将中国视为战略竞争对手。近期中美互动中的优尼科并购案和“中国制造”危机正是美国运用不对称权力遏制中国的体现。
The economic interdependence between China and the United States is asymmetrical. Among them, the United States is in a dominant position and China is at a disadvantage. In terms of sensitivity, the U.S. policy orientation has far greater impact on China than China’s impact on the United States. From the point of view of vulnerability, the termination of China-US economic and trade relations requires that China bear more costs than the United States. It is precisely because of the imbalance in sensitivity and vulnerability in interdependence that the United States, which is in a dominant position, is given an asymmetrical power. This asymmetrical power manifests itself in three areas: the United States considers China a threat to its own security; secondly, the United States treats China as a non-market economy country; and third, it views China as a strategic competitor. The recent Unocal mergers and the “Made in China” crisis between China and the United States are exactly the embodiment of the United States’ use of asymmetrical power to contain China.