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海市蜃楼是一种奇特的自然现象,当光线经过不同密度的空气层时,发生显著折射,使远处景物显示在空中或地面上的奇幻景象,主要发生在沿海,平静的海面、江面、湖面、雪原、沙漠、戈壁等地方,偶尔会在空中或“地下”出现高大楼台、城廓、树木等景物。海市蜃楼作为大气光学现象,是近地面层气温变化大,空气密度随高度强烈变化,光线在沿直线方向密度不同的气层中,经过折射进入观测者眼帘造成的结果。它与地理位置、地球物理条件以及那些地方在特定时间的气象特点有密切联系,气温的反常分布是大多数海市蜃楼形成的气象条件。
The mirage is a peculiar natural phenomenon. When the light passes through the air layers of different densities, significant reflections occur, making the faraway scenes appear in the sky or on the ground. The fantastic scenes mainly occur in the coastal areas, the calm sea surface, the river surface, the lake surface, Snow, desert, Gobi and other places, occasionally in the air or “underground ” appeared tall tower, city profile, trees and other scenes. As a phenomenon of atmospheric optics, the mirage is the result of large temperature changes in the near-surface layer and strong changes in air density with altitude. The light is reflected in the eyes of observers in the gas layers with different densities in a straight line direction. It is closely related to the geographical location, geophysical conditions and the meteorological characteristics of those places at a specific time. The anomalous distribution of temperature is the meteorological condition that most of the mirage forms.