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[目的]研究球毛壳ND35对植物生长的影响及其生防效果,为该菌的推广应用提供依据。[方法]以植物内生真菌球毛壳ND35为供试菌株,病原菌有杨树腐烂病菌、立枯丝核菌、番茄灰霉菌。(a)调查球毛壳ND35对植物生长的影响。在扦插杨树枝条时,设2个处理:①接种10g长有球毛壳ND35的麦粒培养基;②接种10g无球毛壳ND35的麦粒培养基为对照。出芽后,测量杨树高度、1.3m处的胸径,同时调查侧根(d≥8mm)数量。(b)大田试验测定球毛壳ND35对杨树腐烂病的拮抗作用。采用烫伤接种的方法,在主干距地面高50cm和100cm(约树干的1/3和2/3)处先用火烫伤树皮,再接种含病原菌菌丝体的PDA菌饼。在随后的1个多月统计发病情况,以29d后发病的为0级,26～28d发病的为1级,23～25d发病的为2级,20～22d发病的为3级,19d之内发病的为4级。分级计数,计算发病率、病情指数和拮抗效果。(c)大田试验调查球毛壳ND35对杨树叶锈病的拮抗作用。在杨树1.3、1.7、2.1m处分别调查2个处理组杨树叶片正面(冬孢子堆)及背面(夏孢子堆)的发病情况,在发病杨树上,根据同一高度叶正面和叶背面的病斑面积占叶片总面积的比例确定分级标准:没有发病为0级、0～20%为1级、20%～40%为2级、40%～60%为3级、>60%为4级。计算发病率、病情指数和拮抗效果。(d)温室试验测定球毛壳ND35对灰霉病的诱导抗病作用。将菜豆、番茄分别分为2个处理:①接种拮抗菌ND35;②不接种ND35。分别测量病斑长短直径,计算病斑面积。(e)温室测定ND35对菜豆立枯病的防治效果。处理组:播种时接种内生菌球毛壳ND35,同时接种立枯丝核菌;对照组:播种时只接种立枯丝核菌。在接种10d后观察发病情况,根据病斑直径占茎基周长的比例确定分级标准:没有发病的植株为0级,<25%为1级、25%～50%为2级、50%～75%为3级、>75%为4级。计算病情指数和防治效果。[结果]球毛壳ND35在植物体内定殖后能促进杨树根系和胸径的生长,使植株粗壮,有利于提高植物的抗病性;接种球毛壳ND35能诱导杨树对腐烂病菌和叶锈病菌产生较好的拮抗效果;也能够诱导番茄和菜豆对灰霉病菌产生抗病性,诱导抗性效果分别达58.85%和35.65%;还可有效防治菜豆立枯病,防治效果达50.9%。[结论]内生真菌球毛壳ND35引起的诱导系统抗病性在植物病害的生物防治中有重要作用。
[Objective] The research aimed to study the effects of globular shell ND35 on the plant growth and its biocontrol effect, and provide the basis for its popularization and application. [Method] The plant endophytic fungus Gloeosphere ND35 was used as test strain. The pathogen was Poplar rot, Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea. (a) Investigate the effect of Globula ND35 on plant growth. Poplar branches in the cuttings, set up two treatments: ① inoculated with 10g bulbillage ND35 of wheat grain medium; ② inoculated with 10g of globular ND35 of wheat medium as a control. After budding, the poplar height was measured at a breast diameter of 1.3 m and the number of lateral roots (d ≥ 8 mm) was also investigated. (b) Field experiments were conducted to determine the antagonistic effect of globular shell ND35 on poplar decay. Burning inoculation method, the main trunk from the ground 50cm high and 100cm (about trunks of 1/3 and 2/3) burned the fire with bark, and then inoculated with mycoplasma bacteria PDA strain. In the following more than one month statistics, the incidence of the disease was 0 grade after 29 days, the incidence was grade 1 from 26 to 28 days, grade 2 from 23 to 25 days, grade 3 from 20 to 22 days, grade 3 within 19 days The incidence of 4. Grading, calculate the incidence, disease index and antagonistic effect. (c) Field trials investigating the antagonistic effect of globular shell ND35 on poplar leaf rust. The poplar frontal (teliospore) and back (Urosporum) were investigated in poplar at 1.3, 1.7 and 2.1m, respectively. The incidence of poplar on the frontal and back of leaves Of the lesion area accounted for the proportion of the total leaf area to determine the grading standards: no incidence of 0, 0 ~ 20% for the first grade, 20% ~ 40% for the second grade, 40% ~ 60% for the third grade,> 60% level 4. Calculate the incidence, disease index and antagonistic effect. (d) Greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the induced disease resistance of Gloeosporium ND35 against Botrytis cinerea. Beans, tomatoes were divided into two treatments: ① inoculated antagonistic bacteria ND35; ② do not inoculate ND35. Separately measure the length of the lesion diameter, calculate the lesion area. (e) Determination of the greenhouse effect of ND35 on the control of bean bean blight. Treatment group: when inoculated endophyte globosomal shell ND35, at the same time inoculated with Rhizoctonia solani; control group: seeding only Rhizoctonia inoculation. The incidence was observed 10 days after inoculation, and the grading standards were determined according to the ratio of the diameter of the lesion to the basal circumference of the stem: Grade 0 was not found in the diseased plants, Grade 1 was less than 25%, Grade 2 was 25% -50%, Grade 2 was 50% 75% is level 3 and> 75% is level 4. Calculate the disease index and control effect. [Result] The globular host ND35 could promote the growth of root system and DBH after being colonized in plants, making the plant thick and strong, which was beneficial to improve the plant disease resistance. Inoculation of globular ND35 could induce the growth of poplar on rotting bacteria and leaves Rust fungi produce better antagonistic effect; also be able to induce tomato and bean resistance to Botrytis cinerea, induced resistance effect of 58.85% and 35.65% respectively; also effective control of bean bean blight, control effect of 50.9% . [Conclusion] The disease resistance of induced system induced by endophytic fungus globosomal shell ND35 played an important role in the biological control of plant diseases.