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在实践经验的基础上,对联邦德国特种粘土和高岭土的露天开采和地下开采技术进行了比较考察和研究。根据露天开采和地下开采的界线,介绍联邦德国各矿山趋向于应用的采矿技术。效率比较高的露天开采是用液压挖掘机采掘和用汽车运输,而井下开采只用于开采质量特别高的矿床,因此这也揭示了井下开采粘土矿时提高效率的可能性。过去,粘土矿的露天开采存在着很严重的覆盖层环境保护问题。通过设计符合环保要求的排土场和应用开采粘土矿的新型钻井方法,介绍了尽量步占地的可能性。
On the basis of practical experience, the open-pit mining and underground mining technology of the special germany clay and kaolin were comparatively investigated and studied. According to the boundary between open pit mining and underground mining, the mining technologies that tend to be applied by the mines in the Federal Republic of Germany are introduced. More efficient open pit mining is carried out by hydraulic excavators and by car, whereas downhole mining is only used for the production of deposits of particularly high quality, thus revealing the possibility of increasing the efficiency of underground mining of clay minerals. In the past, open-pit mining of clay minerals had serious environmental problems of overburden. By designing new types of earthworks that meet environmental requirements and applying new methods of drilling clay minerals, the possibility of taking as much space as possible is introduced.