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在化学计算中,学生如能巧妙运用守恒的思想,往往能够避繁就简,取得事半功倍的效果。化学反应的实质是原子间的重新组合,所以一切化学反应都存在着物料守恒(质量守恒,粒子个数守恒),氧化—还原反应中得失电子数目相等(电子得失守恒,电量守恒),化合物及电解质溶液中阴阳离子电荷数相等(电荷数)守恒,因此它们呈电中性。以上三点就是守恒解题的依据和基本题型。
In chemistry calculations, if students can skillfully use conservative ideas, they can often avoid complications and make simple work. The essence of chemical reaction is the recombination of atoms, so all chemical reactions have the conservation of materials (conservation of mass, conservation of the number of particles), the equal number of gain and loss electrons in the oxidation-reduction reaction (conservation of electron gain and loss, conservation of electricity), compounds and In the electrolyte solution, the number of charges of the anions and cations is equal (the number of charges) is conserved, so they are electrically neutral. The above three points are the basis for conservation questions and basic questions.