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目的了解长江下游洲滩湿地和钉螺分布情况,探讨洲滩湿地钉螺控制对策。方法现场调查长江润洲段主江堤外洲滩湿地分布,并按照我国湿地分级式分类系统进行湿地分类;调查2004-2013年润洲段沿江洲滩湿地钉螺面积、钉螺密度及灭螺资料,分析沿江洲滩湿地钉螺消长趋势。结果长江下游润洲段洲滩属河流湿地,除永久性水域外,历史上均有钉螺孳生。现有自然湿地1 303.0 hm2,人工湿地1 479.0 hm2,功能改变为非湿地1 059.0 hm2;2013年查出钉螺面积181.40 hm2,均分布于自然湿地。2004-2013年共计开展药物灭螺和环境改造4 624.55 hm2,钉螺面积和钉螺密度下降率分别为66.53%和77.66%。现有钉螺均分布于自然湿地。结论人工湿地有助于钉螺控制,沿江洲滩湿地钉螺控制必须重视湿地生态保护。
Objective To understand the distribution of wetlands and snails in the wetland of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and to discuss the control strategy of snails in the wetland of Ban Beach. Methods The wetland distribution of Wajiao Beach in the main embankment of Runzhou section of the Yangtze River was investigated on site and classified according to the classification system of wetlands in China. The snail area, snail density and snail density in the wetlands of Chazhouzhou section of Runzhou Island from 2004 to 2013 were analyzed. The trend of Oncomelania snail along Yangtze River beach wetland. As a result, Duanzhou Beach, Runzhou Island in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, is a river wetland. In addition to the permanent waters, snail breeding has historically occurred. The existing natural wetlands 1 303.0 hm2, constructed wetlands 1 479.0 hm2, the function changed to non-wetland 1 059.0 hm2; 2013 snail snails area 181.40 hm2, are distributed in natural wetlands. In 2004-2013, a total of 4 624.55 hm2 of drug snails and environmental remediation were carried out. The area of snails and the reduction rate of snail density were 66.53% and 77.66% respectively. Existing snails are distributed in natural wetlands. Conclusion Constructed wetland is helpful to snail control. Snail control in wetland along Jiangchuan Beach must pay attention to the ecological protection of wetlands.