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MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是一类分布广泛的小片段内源性非编码蛋白质的单链RNAs,其功能是下调靶基因表达。miRNA序列、结构、丰度和表达方式的多样性,使其可能作为蛋白质编码mRNA的强有力的调节子或者其他形式的调节机制来抑制靶基因的表达,产生基因沉默。最新的研究表明,miRNAs参与了包括肝癌、肺癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌、脑肿瘤及白血病在内的多种肿瘤的发生、发展。miRNAs可以起到肿瘤抑制基因或者癌基因的功能研究表明miRNAs可以抑制重要的肿瘤相关基因的表达,对癌症的靶基因治疗有着重要的意义。因此本研究对阐明miRNA在肿瘤发生、发展过程中的作用机制以及在肿瘤治疗中的应用前景作一综述。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded RNAs of a wide range of small, endogenous, non-coding proteins whose function is to down-regulate target gene expression. The diversity of miRNA sequence, structure, abundance and expression pattern makes it possible to suppress the expression of target genes and generate gene silencing as potent regulators or other regulatory mechanisms of protein-coding mRNAs. Recent studies show that miRNAs are involved in the development and progression of a variety of tumors including liver, lung, breast, colon, brain and leukemia. miRNAs can function as tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes Studies have shown that miRNAs can inhibit the expression of important tumor-related genes and have important implications for the target gene therapy of cancer. Therefore, this study is to elucidate the mechanism of miRNAs in tumorigenesis and progression, as well as the prospect of their application in cancer therapy.