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目的了解我国15省6岁以下儿童两周患病的影响因素,为儿童疾病的预防、保健措施的制定提供依据。方法通过分层随机抽样在全国15个省抽取42 780名6岁以下儿童,采用家长问卷进行调查,以单因素卡方检验和多因素非条件Logistic回归方法分析影响儿童两周患病的主要原因。结果儿童两周患病情况与性别、年龄、城乡、地区、母亲文化程度、家庭年收入、家人吸烟、出生方式及孕周有关。女童两周患病的风险是男童的0.9倍(95%CI:0.891~0.996,均P<0.05),0岁组儿童患病风险最高,城市儿童两周患病的风险是农村儿童的1.4倍(95%CI:1.317~1.488,均P<0.05),东、西部地区儿童两周患病风险均高于中部地区、家庭年收入≤3万元的儿童两周患病的风险较高,家人吸烟、剖宫产、早产和过期产可增加儿童两周患病的风险。结论儿童健康受社会、家庭等多重环境的影响,改变城市和地区不良社会及环境因素,提高家长对儿童常见病的识别及保护能力,加强围产期保健,有利于促进儿童健康发展。
Objective To understand the factors influencing the two-week prevalence of children under the age of six in 15 provinces in China, and to provide the basis for the prevention of childhood diseases and the formulation of health care measures. Methods By stratified stratified random sampling, 42,780 children under 6 years old were collected from 15 provinces in China. The questionnaire was used to investigate the main factors affecting children’s two-week prevalence by univariate analysis and multivariate non-conditional logistic regression . Results The prevalence of illness in two weeks in children was related to gender, age, urban and rural areas, regions, mother’s educational level, annual family income, smoking among family members, birth pattern and gestational age. The risk of two-week illness in girls was 0.9 times higher than that in boys (95% CI: 0.891-0.996, both P <0.05). Children in 0-year-old group had the highest risk of illness, and the risk of two-week illness in urban children was 1.4 (95% CI: 1.317-1.488, both P <0.05). Children in the eastern and western regions had a higher risk of being ill for two weeks than those in the central region. Children with annual family income of ≤ 30,000 had a higher risk of being ill for two weeks, Family smoking, caesarean section, premature birth, and expired birth can increase the risk of a two-week illness in children. Conclusions Children’s health is affected by multiple environments such as society and family. It can change adverse urban and regional social and environmental factors, improve the ability of parents to recognize and protect children’s common diseases, strengthen perinatal care, and promote the healthy development of children.