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目的 比较浙江省衢州市2004-2016年流行性腮腺炎(流腮)发病特征变化.方法 将衢州市2004-2016年的流腮疫情分成扩大免疫规划(E PI)前期(2004-2006年)、EPI期(2007-2010年)及含流腮成分疫苗(MuCV)强化免疫(SIA)期(2011-2016年),运用描述性流行病学方法比较三个时期流腮发病特征的变化.结果 三个时期流腮年均报告发病率分别为45.24/10万、41.01/10万和12.54/10万(趋势x2=2 290.23,P=0.00).EPI前期和EPI期均有4-6月和11-12月两个发病高峰,而SIA期发病高峰不明显.三个时期学生的发病构成比分别为73.21％、67.59％和58.28％;男女性别发病比分别为1.55∶1、1.66∶1和1.44∶1;4-14岁组发病率分别为217.98/10万、213.42/10万和59.73/10万.三个时期出生队列流腮的高发年龄段分别为5岁组、3岁组和4岁组.EPI前期和EPI期共报告流腮突发公共卫生事件29起,23起发生在小学和22起发生在3-6月,SIA期无突发事件报告.结论 衢州市引入MuCV特别是2剂次接种使流腮发病率迅速下降;建议推行儿童2剂次MuCV常规免疫程序.“,”Objective To describe the epidemiology of mumps from 2004 to 2016 in Quzhou city of Zhejiang province.Methods Mumps incidence data from 2004 to 2016 were divided into the period before establishment of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) (2004-2006),the EPI period (2007-2010),and the period of supplementary immunization activities (SIA) with mumps containing vaccine (MuCV) (2011-2016).Descriptive epidemiological analyses were used to compare the changes in mumps incidence in the three periods.Results The average annual incidence rates of three periods were 45.24,41.01 and 12.54 per 100 000 population,respectively (trend x2 =2 290.23,P =0.00).Mumps incidence peaked from April to June and from November to December in the pre-EPI and the EPI periods;no obvious peaks were seen in the SIA period.Among all mumps cases,students accounted for 73.21％,67.59％ and 58.28％,respectively;the male to female ratios were 1.55∶ 1,1.66∶1 and 1.44∶ 1,respectively;and the incidence rates in 4-14 year olds were 217.98,213.42 and 59.73 per 100 000 population,respectively with time period.The high incidence of mumps in birth cohorts of the three periods were seen in 5,3 and 4 year olds,respectively.Twenty-nine mumps outbreaks were reported in the pre-EPI and EPI periods,with 23 in primary schools,and 22 occurring from March to June;no outbreaks were reported during the SIA period.Conclusions The mumps incidence in Quzhou significantly decreased after introducing MuCV,and was lower when 2 MuCV doses were administered.We recommend a 2-MuCV-dose routine immunization schedule for children.