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目的 探讨我国儿童视力残疾的现状。方法 采用随机抽样的方法 ,2 0 0 1年对全国0～ 6岁儿童进行低视力和盲的抽样调查。在全国抽取 6个省 (市 ) 0～ 6岁儿童共 6 0 2 4人 ,由专业医生检查视力 ,筛查并进行诊断。结果 在抽查儿童中 ,视力残疾 6 4人 ,总患病率 1 1‰。其中盲童 2 0人 ,患病率 0 33‰ ,低视力 4 4人 ,患病率 0 73‰。视力残疾主要原因为弱视 2 1例 ,占 32 8% ,其次是视网膜和视神经病变 10例 ,占 15 6 % ,先天性白内障 9例 ,占 14 1%。结论 我国 0～ 6岁儿童视力残疾总患病率 1 1‰ ,其中盲的患病率接近世界发达国家水平。视力残疾以低视力占多数 ,致病原因中 ,弱视为首位 ,而弱视、白内障等大多可以通过早期治疗脱残。
Objective To explore the current situation of children with visual disabilities in China. Methods A random sampling method was used to carry out low-vision and blind sample surveys of children aged 0-6 years in 2001 in China. A total of 6 024 children aged 0-6 years from 6 provinces (cities) in the country were sampled. Visual acuity, screening and diagnosis were examined by professional doctors. Results Among the children randomly selected, 64 were visually impaired, with a total prevalence of 11%. Among them, 20 were blind children, the prevalence was 0 33 ‰, and the low vision was 4 4, with a prevalence of 0 73 ‰. The main causes of visual disability were amblyopia 21 cases, accounting for 32 8%, followed by retinal and optic neuropathy 10 cases, accounting for 15 6%, 9 cases of congenital cataracts, accounting for 14 1%. Conclusions The total prevalence of visual impairment in children aged 0-6 years in China is 11%, of which the prevalence of blindness is close to that of developed countries in the world. Vision disability with low vision accounted for the majority, cause of the disease, amblyopia as the first, and most of the amblyopia, cataracts and other disability through early treatment.