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肾小球肾炎(简称肾炎)并非致病因素(如链球菌及其产物)直接对肾脏的感染或破坏所致,多数人类肾炎是免疫介导的疾病,这已得到充分证实。目前,体液免疫(循环免疫复合物和原位免疫复合物)在肾炎发病机理的作用已得到公认,细胞免疫尚缺乏直接证据。免疫机理是疾病的始发机理,在此基础上,在炎症介导系统(如补体、嗜中性白细胞等)的参与下,最后导致肾小球损伤并产生临床症状。此外,肾小球滤过功能及结构特点等肾脏局部因素和非免疫机理在肾炎的发生、发展中也起重要作用。遗传因素在部分类型肾炎的发病及易感性方面的作用已引起了广泛的重视。一、循环免疫复合物(CIC)发病机理
Glomerulonephritis (referred to as nephritis) is not caused by pathogenic factors (such as Streptococcus and its products) directly to the kidney caused by infection or destruction caused by the majority of human nephritis is an immune-mediated disease, which has been fully confirmed. At present, the role of humoral immunity (circulating immune complexes and in situ immune complexes) in the pathogenesis of nephritis has been recognized, and there is no direct evidence for cellular immunity. Immune mechanism is the origin of the disease mechanism, on this basis, in the inflammatory mediator system (such as complement, neutrophils, etc.) with the participation of the final lead to glomerular injury and the clinical symptoms. In addition, glomerular filtration and structural features such as renal local factors and non-immune mechanisms in the occurrence and development of nephritis also play an important role. The role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis and susceptibility of some types of nephritis has attracted widespread attention. First, the cycle of immune complexes (CIC) pathogenesis