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目的:了解诺卡菌感染患者的临床特征及预后。方法:回顾性分析2013年1月至2019年7月于上海复旦大学附属华山医院感染科诊治的44例诺卡菌感染患者的临床资料，包括一般临床表现、基础疾病、使用糖皮质激素情况、实验室检查指标(包括血常规、降钙素原、C反应蛋白、淋巴细胞亚群等)、影像学改变、菌种鉴定、治疗与转归。根据感染类型分为单纯肺部感染组、肺外单个器官感染组和播散性感染组。两组间比较采用曼-惠特尼n U检验，多组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis n H检验。n 结果:44例诺卡菌感染患者中，14例为单纯肺部感染，17例为肺外单个器官感染(其中中枢神经系统感染9例，皮肤软组织感染6例，腹腔脓肿1例，尿路感染1例)，13例为播散性感染(其中血流感染4例，中枢神经系统合并肺部或皮肤软组织感染6例，肺部合并皮肤软组织感染3例)。34例患者合并基础疾病，27例患者正在使用糖皮质激素或免疫抑制剂。11例单纯肺部感染患者的主要表现为咳嗽、咳痰；肺外单个器官感染和播散性感染患者的主要表现为发热。诺卡菌菌种以巴西、星形、鼻疽诺卡菌为主。白细胞计数和中性粒细胞比例正常或轻度升高42例，血小板计数正常或轻度下降41例，红细胞沉降率升高19例，降钙素原升高21例，C反应蛋白升高34例，铁蛋白升高18例。34例患者检测了淋巴细胞亚群，其中15例CD4n ＋T淋巴细胞下降，14例CD8n ＋T淋巴细胞升高，7例B淋巴细胞升高，7例B淋巴细胞下降，8例自然杀伤细胞下降。单纯肺部诺卡菌感染患者血红蛋白高于肺外单个器官感染患者，差异有统计学意义(n U＝0.095，n P＝0.025)。影像学表现以脓肿、炎症渗出为主。治愈或好转40例，1例仍在治疗，死亡3例。n 结论:累及各部位的诺卡菌病的临床表现无特异性，经过规范治疗可降低诺卡菌病的病死率。“,”Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of the patients with nocardiosis.Methods:From January 2013 to July 2019, 44 patients with nocardiosis in Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University in Shanghai were enrolled, and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed, including baseline characteristics, clinical manifestations, underlying diseases history of glucocorticoid therapy, laboratory data (blood routine examination, procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, lymphocytes subsets, etc.), imaging changes, bacterial strain identification, treatment regimens and outcomes. According to the locations of infection, patients were divided into pulmonary nocardiosis, extrapulmonary single-organ nocardiosis and disseminated nocardiosis. The Mann-Whitney n U test was used for comparison between two groups, and the Kruskal-Wallis n H test was used for comparison among multiple groups.n Results:Among the 44 cases of nocardiosis, 14 cases were pulmonary nocardiosis, 17 cases were extrapulmonary single-organ nocardiosis (including nine cases with central nervous system infection, six cases with skin and soft tissue infection, one case with abdominal abscess and one case with urinary tract infection) and 13 cases were disseminated nocardiosis (including four cases with bloodstream infection, six cases with central nervous system and lung or skin and soft tissue infection, three cases of lung and skin and soft tissue infection). Thirty-four cases had underlying diseases, and 27 cases received glucocorticoid or immunosuppressant treatment. The main symptom of 11 patients in pulmonary nocardiosis group was productive cough, while that of the patients in other two groups was fever. n Nocardia species were mainly n Nocardia brasiliensis, Nocardia nova and n Nocardia farcinicaia. The white blood cell counts and neutrophils proportion were normal or slightly increased in 42 cases, and the platelets were normal or slightly decreased in 41 cases. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate increased in 19 cases, procalcitonin increased in 21 cases, C-reactive protein increased in 34 cases, and ferritin increased in 18 cases. A total of 34 patients were tested for lymphocyte subsets, of which 15 had CD4n + T lymphocytes decreased, 14 had CD8n + T lymphocytes increased, seven had B lymphocytes increased, seven had B lymphocytes decreased, and eight had natural killer cells decreased. The hemoglobin of patients with pulmonary nocardiosis was higher than that of patients with extrapulmonary infection, and the difference was statistically significant (n U=0.095, n P=0.025). The imaging manifestations were mainly abscess and inflammatory exudation. Forty cases were cured or improved, one case was still on treatment, and three cases died.n Conclusions:The clinical manifestations of nocardiosis involving various organs are non-specific. Standardized treatment could reduce the mortality of nocardiosis.