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为了明确不同覆盖方式对长江中下游地区绿芦笋早春生长的影响,促进嫩茎提早萌发,以芦笋品种‘井冈701’为试材,研究了地膜、小拱棚、稻草、草木灰等覆盖方式对芦笋嫩茎萌发、生长、产量及经济效益的影响。结果表明,小拱棚和单层地膜均能显著提高地温,促进嫩茎提早萌发与采收,并能大幅提高前期产量和春季总产量,产生更高的经济效益。其中小拱棚处理效果最佳,可提高地温2.1~6.7℃,比对照提早20天采收,产量比对照提高18.57%,每666.7 m2收益比对照提高了136.67%。稻草覆盖对芦笋的生长、产量和效益的促进作用较小,而草木灰则不能显著提高相关指标。试验筛选出了一种能使早春绿芦笋采收时间大大提前,且产量显著提高的简便农艺方法,对于促进本区域甚至全国的芦笋均衡供应以及提高芦笋种植效益具有重要意义。
In order to clarify the effect of different covering methods on early spring growth of green asparagus in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and promote the early germination of green asparagus, we used the asparagus cultivar ’Jinggang 701’ as test material to study the effects of mulching, small shed, straw, Stem germination, growth, yield and economic benefits. The results showed that both the small arch and the single-layer plastic film could significantly increase the ground temperature and promote the early germination and harvesting of the tender stems, and significantly increase the yield and the total spring output, resulting in higher economic benefits. Among them, the treatment effect of the small arch shed was the best, which increased the ground temperature by 2.1 ~ 6.7 ℃, which was harvested 20 days earlier than the control and the yield was increased by 18.57% and the yield per 666.7 m2 was 136.67% higher than that of the control. The straw mulching had less effect on the growth, yield and benefits of asparagus, but the ash could not significantly improve the related indexes. The experiment screened out a simple agronomic method which can greatly advance the harvest time of green asparagus in early spring and significantly increase the yield, which is of great significance for promoting the balanced supply of asparagus in the region and even the whole country and improving the planting efficiency of asparagus.