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目的通过调查失能老人照护者阅读科普读物后,对其自身的认知水平及焦虑程度的影响,以利于开发针对失能老人科普的图书市场。方法对2015年6—12月选取的上海市普陀区的2个行政区中6个社区的失能老人300例进行调查,随机分为观察组和对照组各150例,发放上海科学普及出版社出版的《失能老人家庭照护必读》(《必读》)至观察组150例失能老人的照护者,对300例失能老人进行问卷形式进行入户问卷调查。计量资料采用t检验,计数资料采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果轻度失能老人对生活照护和健康照护的需求项目少且需求率低,布置睡眠环境是老人生活照护包括其他需求项目中占比最高。两组照护者各项人口学特征对比无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组在生活保健(90.0%)、突发疾病及意外护理(86.0%)、认知障碍(77.3%)、心理护理(10.7%)知识正确率明显高于对照组,对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预前两组失能老人照护者焦虑评分差异无统计学意义,干预后两组SAS评分均下降;观察组下降幅度大于对照组[(27.74±4.11)、(20.59±4.12)分],对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论上海科学普及出版社出版的《必读》在提高失能老人照护者的认知水平和降低焦虑程度有明显作用,读物须针对失能老人和照护者本人进行有效的科学普及,让失能老人在家中能得到专业的照护。
Objective To investigate the impact of cognitive disabilities and the level of anxiety on elder carers after they have read popular science books in order to facilitate the development of a popular book market for disabled elders. Methods 300 cases of disabled elderly in 6 communities in 2 districts of Putuo District in Shanghai from June to December in 2015 were randomly divided into observation group and control group with 150 cases each and were distributed to Shanghai Science Popularization Press (“Must-read”) of the “disabled elderly family care” to the caregivers of 150 disabled elderly in the observation group, conducted a questionnaire survey of 300 disabled elderly people in the form of a questionnaire. Measurement data using t test, count data using χ2 test, P <0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results Mild Disability Elderly The demand for life care and health care is low and the demand rate is low. The disposition of sleeping environment is the highest proportion of elderly life care including other needs. There was no significant difference in demographic characteristics between two groups of caregivers (P> 0.05). The correct rate of knowledge in life-health observation group (90.0%), sudden illness and accidental care (86.0%), cognitive impairment (77.3%) and psychological nursing (10.7%) was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the anxiety scores between the two groups of caregivers before the intervention, but the scores of SAS decreased after the intervention in the two groups ([27.74 ± 4.11], (20.59 ± 4.12)], the difference was significant There was statistical significance (P <0.05). Conclusion The “must-read” published by Shanghai Popular Science Publishing House plays a significant role in raising the cognitive level and reducing the anxiety level of disabled carers. The readings must be effective for the disabled elderly and caregivers, Elderly people can get professional care at home.