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纤维素是高等植物细胞壁的结构骨架和重要组成成分,由细胞质膜上的纤维素合成酶合成.一个纤维素合成酶亚基合成一根纤维素分子链,多个亚基聚集在一起形成末端复合体(TC),可同时合成多根葡聚糖分子糖链,其在氢键和范德华力作用下快速有序堆积,形成结构紧密的天然微纤丝结晶结构.质膜上有序线性排列的超分子TC合成结晶纤维素Ⅰα,而玫瑰花型排列的TC合成结晶纤维素Ⅰβ.结晶微纤丝的密切有效堆积是植物抗降解的天然屏障.高浓度的酸和离子液体可以在微纤丝间有效扩散,破坏晶体分子链的有序堆积、分子间氢键网络,甚至打断晶体内部的糖苷键,完成天然结晶纤维素的去晶化及解聚过程.酶分子的去晶化过程是发生在微纤丝特定表面上的非均相反应过程,可在常温常压下固或液表面上快速完成,但有效可及表面积是其主要限速瓶颈.因此结合物理、化学方法预处理,低成本高效打破限制酶分子有效扩散的屏障,增加酶分子对结晶纤维素特异性结合的效率和有效可及面积,从而实现天然结晶纤维素高效去晶化及绿色快速降解转化.
Cellulose is the structural framework and an important component of the cell walls of higher plants and is synthesized by the cellulose synthase on the plasma membrane of a cell. A cellulose synthase subunit synthesizes a cellulose molecular chain, aggregating several subunits together to form a terminal complex Body (TC) can simultaneously synthesize multiple glucan molecular sugar chains, which rapidly and orderly accumulate under the action of hydrogen bonding and Van der Waal’s force to form a structurally close natural microfibril crystal structure. The orderly linear arrangement of plasma membrane Supramolecular TC synthesis of crystalline cellulose Iα, while the rose-type arrangement of TC synthesis of crystalline cellulose Ⅰβ. Closely effective deposition of crystalline microfibrils is a natural barrier against degradation of plants. High concentrations of acid and ionic liquids can be in microfibrils Between the effective diffusion of the crystal, destroy the orderly accumulation of crystal molecular chain, hydrogen bond network between molecules, or even break the glycosidic bond within the crystal to complete the natural crystalline cellulose de-crystallization and depolymerization process. Enzymatic de-crystallization process The heterogeneous reaction process that occurs on a particular surface of microfibrils can be quickly completed at the solid or liquid surface at ambient temperature and pressure but the available surface area is the major bottleneck in the rate limit. Methods of pretreatment, cost effective and efficient to break the restriction enzyme molecule diffusion barrier, increasing enzyme molecule specifically binding to crystalline cellulose can be efficiently and effectively and the area thereby to realize a natural and efficient crystallization of crystalline cellulose and rapid degradation of green conversion.