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目的分析烟台市学校水痘流行病学特征,为完善水痘防控策略提供依据。方法对2008-2014年学校水痘发病进行描述流行病学分析。结果各类学校共报告水痘病例6306例,发病率逐年下降。水痘发病与学生在校时间一致,呈春、冬季双峰,各占病例数的27.77%和31.41%。城市高于农村(χ2=2229.75,P<0.05),城乡比2.66:1,芝罘区(398.22/10万)、莱山区(304.33/10万)、福山区(170.64/10万)发病率较高。男女性别比1.27:1,历年性别差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.58,P>0.05)。各类学校发病率不同(χ2=1187.45,P<0.05),平均发病率最高的是小学。随着小年龄组疫苗接种,小学和幼儿园发病下降最快,降幅达82.77%、57.12%。历年发病年龄不同(F=74.60,P<0.05),分别为(10.23±4.992)岁、(10.38±4.927)岁、(11.08±4.643)岁、(11.14±4.885)岁、(12.49±4.919)岁、(13.52±4.772)岁、(13.63±4.675)岁,呈明显上升趋势;年龄高峰由6~7岁、9岁移至12岁。88.46%的病例未接种过水痘疫苗,79.67%的患者接种超过5年。7年发生7起水痘突发事件,5起在小学。结论各类学校均有水痘防控压力,应加强病例监测,隔离水痘病例、严把复课关、落实疫苗接种。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of chickenpox in Yantai school and provide the basis for the prevention and control of chickenpox. Methods The epidemiological analysis of school chickenpox in 2008-2014 was described. Results A total of 6306 cases of chickenpox were reported in all kinds of schools, the incidence decreased year by year. The incidence of chickenpox was consistent with that of students at school, showing spring and winter double peaks, accounting for 27.77% and 31.41% of the total number of cases respectively. The prevalence of urban areas was higher than that of rural areas (χ2 = 2229.75, P <0.05), urban-rural ratio of 2.66: 1, Zhifu area (398.22 / 100000), Laishan area (304.33 / 100000) and Fukuyama area (170.64 / . The sex ratio of men and women was 1.27: 1, there was no significant difference in gender between the years (χ2 = 3.58, P> 0.05). The incidence of different types of schools (χ2 = 1187.45, P <0.05), the highest average incidence of primary school. With the vaccination in the younger age group, the incidence of primary school and kindergarten dropped the fastest, with a decrease of 82.77% and 57.12% respectively. (10.23 ± 4.992) years old, (10.38 ± 4.927) years old, (11.08 ± 4.643) years old, (11.14 ± 4.885) years old, (12.49 ± 4.919) years old with different years of age (F = 74.60, P <0.05) , (13.52 ± 4.772) years old, (13.63 ± 4.675) years old, showing a marked upward trend; the peak age from 6 to 7 years old, 9 years old to 12 years old. 88.46% of cases were not vaccinated against chickenpox, and 79.67% of patients were vaccinated for more than 5 years. Seven chickenpox incidents occurred in seven years and five in primary schools. Conclusion There are varicella prevention and control pressure in all kinds of schools. Case surveillance and isolation of chickenpox cases should be strengthened.