水稻多抗性育种

• 作 者: 严企松
• 机 构: 安徽省农科院作物研究所,
• 出 处: 安徽农业科学
• 发表日期: 1986年01期
• 关键词: 抗性育种 白叶枯病 抗性基因 垂直抗性 国际水稻研究所 黑尾叶蝉 田间抗性 稻瘿蚊 气候和土壤 稻瘟病菌

就世界范围来说,水稻是60多种病原菌和100多种害虫的寄主,其中某些病虫害已成为国际问题。目前的重点是五病(稻瘟病、白叶枯病、纹枯病、通戈罗病和草丛矮缩病),五虫(稻飞虱、黑尾叶蝉、螟虫、稻纵卷叶螟和稻瘿蚊)。据国际水稻研究所分析,造成水稻减产的生物因素中,病虫害占35％。此外,还有因各种不良气候和土壤环境等造成的危害。选育多抗性品种是预防病虫害及其它不良环境危害的最简单、经济有效的方法。

Globally, rice is the host of more than 60 pathogens and more than 100 pests, some of which have become international problems. The current focus is on five diseases (rice blast, bacterial leaf blight, sheath blight, Tongoria disease and bush dwarf disease), five pests (planthopper, rice leafhopper, stem borer, rice leaf roller and Rice gall midge). According to the analysis of the International Rice Research Institute, pests and diseases account for 35% of the biological factors that cause the rice to reduce its production. In addition, there are dangers caused by various kinds of bad weather and soil environment. Breeding multi-resistant varieties is the simplest and most economical and effective way to prevent pests and diseases and other adverse environmental hazards.