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[目的]了解某小学流感暴发的流行特征,分析暴发的原因,为今后的防控提供依据。[方法]采用现场流行病学调查方法,对某小学流感暴发的流行特征进行分析,咽拭子标本用MDCK细胞培养法进行病毒分离,分离到的病毒用血凝抑制试验进行型别鉴定。[结果]疫情持续32d,总罹患率4.39%(99/2254),罹患率最高是二年级为9.91%,最低是三年级为0.26%,病例分布有班级聚集性。临床表现以急起发热(≥38℃),多伴有咳嗽(87.88%)、咽痛(30.30%)、头晕(36.36%)、头痛(30.30%)、打喷嚏(19.19%)、流鼻涕(33.33%)、腹泻(5.05%)和乏力(15.15%)等表现。6份病人咽拭子中,4份分离出流感病毒,型别鉴定为H3N2型。[结论]这是一起由甲3型病毒引起的流感暴发疫情,疫情报告迟缓和未及时隔离病人是造成此次流感疫情的主要原因。
[Objective] To understand the epidemic characteristics of flu outbreak in a primary school and analyze the causes of the outbreak so as to provide the basis for future prevention and control. [Methods] The prevalence of influenza outbreak in a primary school was analyzed by on-site epidemiological investigation. Throat swab specimens were isolated by MDCK cell culture method. The isolated virus was identified by type test with hemagglutination inhibition test. [Results] The epidemic continued for 32 days and the total attack rate was 4.39% (99/2254). The highest attack rate was 9.91% in the second grade and the lowest was 0.26% in the third grade. The distribution of the cases was class aggregation. The clinical manifestations were acute cough (≥38 ℃), cough (87.88%), sore throat (30.30%), dizziness (36.36%), headache (30.30%), sneezing 33.33%), diarrhea (5.05%) and fatigue (15.15%). Among the 6 patients, 4 were isolated from the throat swabs and the type was identified as H3N2. [Conclusion] This is a flu outbreak caused by Influenza A virus type 3, which is mainly caused by the delayed reporting of epidemic situation and the isolation of patients in time.