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在耶稣运动的前后数十年间,社会局势风起云涌,不同阶层的矛盾斗争在犹大和加利利地区愈演愈烈,其中以犹太人民反抗罗马帝国的斗争最为显著。面对罗马帝国及希律王室的强权统治,平民阶层、奋锐党人、文士阶层以及耶路撒冷贵族大祭司等不同社会群体表现各异,却都在不同程度上塑造着耶稣运动的历史文化语境。以平民阶层为主要代表的以色列人民对外来压迫和奴役进行了坚定持久又形式多样的反抗斗争,其根源在于以色列民族反抗异族统治的文化传统。
During the decades before and after the Jesus movement, the social situation was surging, and the contradictions and struggles of different social strata intensified in Judah and Galilee. Among them, the struggle of the Jewish people against the Roman Empire was the most prominent. In the face of the dominance of the Roman Empire and Herod’s royal family, different social groups such as the civilian class, the activists, the scholar class and the Jerusalem aristocrats perform in different ways, but to varying degrees, they shape the historical and cultural context of the Jesus movement . The people of Israel, mainly represented by the civilian class, conducted a firm, persistent and diverse struggle against foreign aggression and enslavement, rooted in the cultural tradition of resistance against alien domination by the Israeli nation.