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从1991年苏联解体至今,俄罗斯文学走过了二十年的历史。二十年间,伴随着政治经济体制的巨大改变,俄罗斯文学在文学本身、作家角色、读者类型上,而且在艺术倾向、创作方法、美学特征的多样性和丰富性上都发生了根本性的变化。苏联解体后,原来的书刊检查制度被废止,文学观念与意识较之苏联时期大为不同。过去,文学在社会生活中起着极其重要的作用,作家享有极高的威望和待遇。作家与政治关系紧密,常常出现一部作品引起全国讨论的局面。现在,文学失去了它在社会生活中的中心地位,与政治的关系越来越疏远,文学刊物订量锐减,作家的思想与物质生活状态出现了分化。著名评论家叶尔莫林说道:“对于一些人来说,自由令人联想起伦敦的海德公园,对于另一些则相反,想到的是阿姆斯特丹的红灯区,还有一些人只想挖苦嘲笑,不仅嘲笑苏联,而且嘲笑一切崇高的东西。”
Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russian literature has gone through two decades of history. In the past 20 years, along with the great changes in the political and economic system, Russian literature has undergone fundamental changes in the literature itself, in the role of writer and type of reader, as well as in the diversity and abundance of artistic tendencies, methods of creation and aesthetic features . After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the original examination system for books and periodicals was abolished. Literary concepts and consciousness were significantly different from those of the Soviet Union. In the past, literature played an extremely important role in social life, and writers enjoyed very high prestige and treatment. There is a close relationship between writers and politics, and often there is a situation in which a piece of work has aroused discussion in the whole country. Now, literature has lost its central position in social life, becoming more and more distant from its relations with politics, literary publications have been drastically reduced, and writers’ thoughts and materialized states have diverged. The famous critic Ermol Molin said: “For some people, freedom is reminiscent of Hyde Park in London, while for others it is the red light district in Amsterdam. Others just want to scoff and laugh, not only Ridicule the Soviet Union, and ridicule all the sublime things. ”