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目的全面了解宁波市1991-2010年甲、乙类传染病发病特征及流行趋势,进一步控制和降低传染病发病,为制定有效防控措施提供科学依据。方法对1991-2010年的全市甲、乙类传染病发病率、死亡率、病死率等发病趋势进行分析。结果分析发现1991-2010年全市传染病发病率有逐年下降的趋势,发病率相对较高的前5位传染病分别是病毒性肝炎、痢疾、淋病、肺结核及梅毒。死亡率相对较高病种主要是病毒性肝炎、肺结核、狂犬病、艾滋病和流行性出血热。病死率相对较高的是狂犬病、流行性脑脊髓膜炎和流行性乙型脑炎。发病率有下降趋势的传染病为病毒性肝炎、肠道传染病及出血热。有上升趋势的传染病主要为性病、麻疹、猩红热、疟疾及肺结核。结论应将有上升趋势的传染病列入宁波市今后一段时期疾病防控工作的重点。
Objective To comprehensively understand the incidence and epidemic trend of Class A and Group B infectious diseases in Ningbo City from 1991 to 2010 and to further control and reduce the incidence of infectious diseases so as to provide a scientific basis for effective prevention and control measures. Methods The prevalence of A and B infectious diseases in the city from 1991 to 2010 was analyzed. The results showed that the incidence of infectious diseases in the city decreased gradually year by year from 1991 to 2010. The top five infectious diseases with relatively high incidence were viral hepatitis, dysentery, gonorrhea, tuberculosis and syphilis. The relatively high mortality rates are mainly viral hepatitis, tuberculosis, rabies, AIDS and epidemic hemorrhagic fever. Rabies, meningococcal meningitis and Japanese encephalitis are relatively high in mortality. Infectious diseases with a decreasing incidence are viral hepatitis, intestinal infectious diseases and hemorrhagic fever. Infectious diseases that are on the rise are mainly STDs, measles, scarlet fever, malaria and tuberculosis. Conclusions The rising trend of infectious diseases should be included in the focus of disease prevention and control work in Ningbo in the coming period.