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目的探讨1950～2007年中国深部真菌病的历史地理学规律,为防治该类疾病提供相关理论依据。方法检索1950～2007年中国深部真菌病文献,设置发病年龄、病种、相关发病因素等特征变量,以中间年限1980年和中国八大地区为界,采用SPSS13.0对报道的15778例深部真菌病在不同时段及不同地区间的特征进行分析。结果中国深部真菌病呈逐年增长趋势,在地域上逐渐由集中向分散变化,报道病例数前三位的地区依次为长江中下游地区、中原地区和岭南地区。中国深部真菌病的高发年龄段、病种和相关发病因素具有不同的历史地理学特征,1950～2007年,该病的高发年龄均为中青年,但1980年后,中青年比例下降,儿童和老年病例增多;且报道病种在1980年后明显增多,其中以念珠菌病最多见和最广泛,而鼻孢子菌、球孢子菌、帚霉菌感染区域仍较局限;同时,1980年前外伤是发病主要相关因素,而在1980年后被不洁性接触、抗生素滥用、慢性病等取代。结论中国深部真菌病的发病率将逐年上升,气候湿润、经济发达、人口稠密的长江中下游和中原地区等将成为该类病的主要发病区。将深部真菌病的防治工作与其历史地理学特征结合起来,对从整体上把握该类疾病的发病特征和趋势具有重要意义。
Objective To explore the history and geography rules of deep fungal disease in China from 1950 to 2007 and provide relevant theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of such diseases. Methods The literature of deep mycosis in China from 1950 to 2007 was searched and the age, disease type and related risk factors were set up. The intermediate age was eighty years in China and eight regions in China. SPSS13.0 was used to analyze 15778 cases of deep fungal disease In different periods and different regions of the characteristics of the analysis. Results The prevalence of deep mycosis in China showed a trend of increasing year by year, gradually changing from concentration to dispersion in the area. The top three reported cases were in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, Central Plains and Lingnan. In China, the prevalence of deep mycosis is very high in age, disease type and related morbidity. From 1950 to 2007, the high incidence of this disease was middle-aged and young. However, after 1980, the proportion of young and middle-aged people dropped. The number of elderly cases increased; the number of reported cases increased significantly after 1980, of which the most common and the most widespread are candidiasis, while the zones of infection with coccidioidomycosis, coccidioidomycosis and strychni are still limited; at the same time, trauma was The main relevant factors, but in the 1980s were dirty contacts, antibiotic abuse, chronic diseases, etc. replaced. Conclusions The incidence of deep fungal diseases in China will increase year by year. The humid, economically developed and densely populated areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Central Plains will become the major disease-causing areas. Combining the prevention and treatment of deep fungal diseases with their historical geography features is of great significance for grasping the characteristics and trends of the incidence of these diseases as a whole.