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我们对于中国西北边疆发展史进行研究分析时,不管是何种历史阶段都必要考虑以下几个方面的问题:中国的所谓“中原文化常规模式(Chinese norm)”①及其与“边缘社会(marginal societies)”的互动和交流程度在于何种发展阶段。在此值得注意的是草原的游牧部落逐步引入到中原文化的社会模式而演变为其常模中的重要组成部分;“中心”与“边疆”(centerand periphery)在各自文化模式中的张力平衡和调节程度;从上述这两个文化模式显露的混合社会(mixed societies)及其复合型结构。本文在此强调的是边缘社会内的某些群体可以同时属于两个文化圈,即置身于中原农耕文化与草原游牧文化之间,从没被赋予其文化身份的合法性,逐渐发展成游牧半农耕社会独有的生活方式。无论是何种历史朝代,在中华文明发展史中游牧社会与中原之间的关系是沿着中国的边疆互动格局的演变而变化,也是上述三方面问题的必然结果。
When we conduct a research on the history of the development of the northwestern frontier in China, we must consider the following aspects regardless of the historical stage: China’s so-called “Chinese norm” and its relationship with the “ Social (marginal societies) The degree of interaction and exchange lies in what stage of development. It is worth noting here that the nomadic tribes of the grasslands gradually introduce into the social model of the Central Plains culture and evolved into an important part of their norm. The ”center“ and the ”centerand periphery" in their respective cultural patterns The degree of tension and adjustment; the mixed societies and their complex structures revealed from these two modes of culture. This article emphasizes that some groups within the marginalized society may belong to two cultural circles at the same time. That is, they are exposed to the culture of the Central Plains and the nomadic culture of the grasslands. They have never been given the legitimacy of their cultural identity and gradually developed into nomadic half Farming society unique way of life. No matter what kind of historical dynasty, the relationship between the nomadic society and the Central Plains in the history of the development of Chinese civilization has evolved along the evolution of the interactive pattern in China’s border areas, which is also the inevitable result of the above three issues.