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现代汉语中“V到”结构的语义关系大致可以分为以下五种:①V+到+空间;②V+到+时间;③V+到+受事的范围;④V+到+程度;⑤V+到+V的受事。学者们大都认为这五种句法语义环境之间有语法化路径上的源流关系。文章穷尽调查了《敦煌变文集校注》、《祖堂集》、《梦溪笔谈》、《朱子语类辑略》等文献中的“到”字相关结构,认为在历史上这五种语义关系的语法化来源各不相同:⑤中表完成的“到”来源于结构①;②中的“到”来源于表示到达某时间点的动词“到”;③、④中的“到”来源于表示抽象到达义的动词“到”;②③④⑤类型本身并没有语法化路径上的前后关系。
In modern Chinese, the semantic relations of “V to ” structure can be roughly divided into the following five kinds: ①V + to + space; ②V + to + time; ③V + to + range of events; ④V + to + degree; thing. Most scholars think that there is a grammaticalization path between these five syntactic and semantic environments. The paper exhaustively investigates the related structures of “to ” in the documents such as “Notes on Dunhuang Variations”, “Zu Tang Ji”, “Meng Xi Bi Tan Tan” and “ The grammaticalization of the semantic relations varies from one source to another: (5) ”To “ completed in the table is derived from structure {circle around (1)}, ”to “ originates from the verb ” The “to” in (4) comes from the verb “to” which means that the abstract reaches the meaning of righteousness. The type itself does not have the context of the grammaticalization.