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20世纪90年代以来,欧盟的经济虽在小幅增长,但其失业率却有增无减。面对严峻的就业形势,欧盟各国逐渐从被动的劳动力市场政策转向积极的劳动力市场政策,并取得了相应的成效。笔者利用在丹麦培训的机会,对欧盟各国积极的劳动力市场政策进行了考察,现择其主要做法做一介绍。欧盟国家过去强调的是被动的劳动力市场政策,这种政策是以收入为目的的补偿型政策,主要包括失业保险津贴以及所有以不参加就业活动为条件的津贴给付,例如提前退休津贴等。但进入90年代,欧盟各成员国劳动力市场出现了一些新的特点:一是经济虽在增长,失业率却不降反升。1990年至1997年欧盟失业率从10.1%持续上升到
Since the 1990s, the EU's economy has grown slightly, but its unemployment rate has been on the rise. Facing the severe employment situation, the EU countries gradually shifted from the passive labor market policy to the active labor market policy and achieved corresponding results. Taking advantage of the opportunity of training in Denmark, the author examines the active labor market policies of EU countries and now I will introduce her main practices. In the past, the EU countries emphasized the passive labor market policy. The policy is a revenue-based compensation policy that mainly includes unemployment insurance benefits and all benefits paid on the condition of not participating in employment activities such as early retirement allowance. However, in the 1990s, there were some new features in the labor market in EU member states. First, although the economy is growing, the unemployment rate has not risen. From 1990 to 1997, the unemployment rate in the EU continued to rise from 10.1% to