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目的探讨洛阳市尘肺病特征,为进一步探讨有效的尘肺病防治措施提供依据。方法对洛阳市2008-2011年新诊断267例尘肺情况进行工种分布、尘肺类型、患者接尘工龄和诊断年龄统计分析。结果新诊断尘肺病例总数逐年增多,以2010年、2011年增加明显,尘肺Ⅰ期病例增加最为显著;在新诊断267例尘肺中,采煤工67例(25.09%)、粉碎工45例(16.85%)、成型工43例(16.10%)、原料工30例(11.24%),占总数的比例较大(共69.28%);尘肺中矽肺Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期均占据很大比重,矽肺总数占尘肺总数达到90.26%;Ⅰ期尘肺患者诊断年龄(48.92±10.57)岁,低于Ⅱ期尘肺、Ⅲ期尘肺(54.22±10.78,53.94±9.11)岁(P<0.05);Ⅰ期尘肺、Ⅱ期尘肺患者接尘工龄(17.79±9.89,18.16±12.74)岁,高于Ⅲ期尘肺(10.49±11.48)岁(P<0.05)。结论洛阳市煤炭、玻璃、矿产行业的采煤工、粉碎工、成型工、原料工等工种是尘肺预防的重点,应主要预防矽肺发生,做好三级预防工作。
Objective To explore the characteristics of pneumoconiosis in Luoyang and provide evidence for further effective prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis. Methods A total of 267 newly diagnosed cases of pneumoconiosis in Luoyang from 2008 to 2011 were analyzed, including types of pneumoconiosis, type of pneumoconiosis, age of patients receiving dust and age of diagnosis. Results The total number of newly diagnosed cases of pneumoconiosis increased year by year, with an obvious increase in 2010 and 2011, with the most significant increase in stage Ⅰ pneumoconiosis. Among the newly diagnosed 267 cases of pneumoconiosis, 67 (25.09%) were coal-mining and 45 (16.85) (P <0.05). There were 43 cases (16.10%) of molding workers and 30 cases (11.24%) of raw materials, accounting for a large proportion (69.28%) in total; silicosis in pneumoconiosis stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ all occupied a large proportion, The total number of silicosis accounted for 90.26% of the total number of pneumoconiosis; stage Ⅰ pneumoconiosis (48.92 ± 10.57) years old, lower than stage Ⅱ pneumoconiosis, stage Ⅲ pneumoconiosis (54.22 ± 10.78,53.94 ± 9.11) years (P <0.05) (17.79 ± 9.89,18.16 ± 12.74) years of stage Ⅱ patients with pneumoconiosis were higher than those of stage Ⅲ pneumoconiosis (10.49 ± 11.48) years (P0.05). Conclusion Coal, glass, mineral industry in Luoyang coal industry workers, crushing workers, forming workers, raw materials and other workers is the focus of pneumoconiosis prevention should be the main prevention of silicosis, and do a good job in tertiary prevention.