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目的了解艾滋病病毒(HIV)职业暴露情况,指导职业暴露的预防。方法收集桂林市2004年1月至2009年12月HIV职业暴露个案资料,对暴露者的职业、暴露方式及级别、暴露源级别、处理方式和转归等因素进行统计分析。结果共发生HIV职业暴露74例。职业分布以护士、公安干警和医生为主,分别占48.6%、24.3%和23.0%。HIV职业暴露事故有逐年增多的趋势,2009年发生的例数最多,占32.4%。主要暴露方式为针刺伤、黏膜污染、抓伤(刮伤)和伤口污染,分别占51.4%、16.2%、14.8%和10.8%;暴露级别和暴露源级别以1级和轻度为主,分别为86.5%和89.2%;31.1%(23/74)进行了正确的局部消毒处理,其中14例暴露程度较重者中,正确的局部处理率为78.6%;在应服药14例中,28.6%的暴露者进行了全程服药;经追踪检测74例暴露者无一例HIV抗体阳转。结论医务人员和警察较容易发生HIV职业暴露,职业暴露后及时正确的局部处理率较低,应加强对医护人员和公安干警预防职业暴露的宣传和培训,降低职业暴露发生,提高正确处理职业暴露的水平。
Objective To understand the occupational exposure to HIV and guide the prevention of occupational exposure. Methods The data of occupational exposure to HIV in Guilin from January 2004 to December 2009 were collected and the occupations, exposure patterns and levels, level of exposed sources, treatment methods and outcome were analyzed statistically. Results A total of 74 cases of HIV occupational exposure occurred. Occupational distribution mainly nurses, police officers and doctors, accounting for 48.6%, 24.3% and 23.0% respectively. Occupational exposure to HIV has been increasing year by year, with the largest number occurring in 2009, accounting for 32.4%. The main exposure methods were acupuncture, mucosal contamination, scratching (scratching) and wound contamination, accounting for 51.4%, 16.2%, 14.8% and 10.8% respectively. The exposure level and the exposure source level were mainly level 1 and mild, (86.5% vs 89.2%, respectively; 31.1% (23/74)). The correct local treatment rate was 78.6% among the 14 cases with severe exposure, and 28.6% % Of the exposed persons took the whole medication; there were no positive cases of HIV antibody positive after 74 follow-up tests. Conclusion Medical staff and police are more prone to occupational exposure to HIV and have a lower rate of local treatment in a timely and correct manner after occupational exposure. Publicity and training on prevention of occupational exposure by medical staff and police officers and policemen should be strengthened to reduce occupational exposure and improve occupational exposure s level.