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目的:了解医院感染发生动态并分析其危险因素,为有效的预防和控制医院感染提供科学依据。方法:对2012—2014年住院患者发生医院感染的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 2012—2014年医院感染的感染率分别为2.80%、2.12%、1.13%,3年来的感染率呈下降趋势。3年总体情况显示,重症监护室、神经内科、肿瘤科是医院感染的高发科室,感染率分别为9.43%、6.48%、4.11%。医院感染部位以呼吸道居首位(30.27%),呼吸道感染在第1季度和第4季度的发病率较高,分别占34.46%、37.29%。经多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,泌尿道插管、呼吸机使用、气管切开、有基础性疾病是医院感染发生的危险因素(P<0.05,OR>1)。结论:建立医院感染管理数据库,针对重点科室、危险因素,易感人群加强管理和目标监测,有效降低医院感染的发生率。
Objective: To understand the dynamics of nosocomial infection and analyze the risk factors for providing scientific evidence for effective prevention and control of nosocomial infections. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of nosocomial infections in inpatients from 2012 to 2014. Results The prevalence rates of nosocomial infections in 2012-2014 were 2.80%, 2.12% and 1.13%, respectively. The infection rates in three years showed a decreasing trend. The overall status of 3 years showed that intensive care unit, neurology department and oncology department were the high incidence departments of nosocomial infection with infection rates of 9.43%, 6.48% and 4.11% respectively. The most common respiratory tract was nosocomial infection (30.27%). The incidence of respiratory infections was higher in the first quarter and the fourth quarter, accounting for 34.46% and 37.29% respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that urinary tract intubation, ventilator use, tracheotomy, and underlying diseases were risk factors of nosocomial infection (P <0.05, OR> 1). Conclusion: The establishment of a hospital infection management database for key departments, risk factors, susceptible populations to strengthen management and target monitoring, effectively reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections.