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目的评价2012年四川省西部的阿坝、甘孜、凉山地区开展儿童脊髓灰质炎疫苗强化免疫活动效果,为今后继续维持无脊髓灰质炎工作提供依据。方法 2012年按照脊髓灰质炎强化免疫活动实施方案在阿坝、甘孜、凉山地区开展了3轮脊灰疫苗强化免疫活动,并进行了每轮服苗结束后接种率现场快速评估和脊灰疫苗接种后目标儿童血清抗体水平监测。结果 3轮脊灰强免报告接种率分别为97.54%、97.77%和96.94%,均达到了95%以上的目标。共报告零剂次儿童15 583人,零剂次儿童主要集中在0～1岁组(51.71%),大于1岁年龄段儿童的零剂次比例明显下降。3轮快速评估接种率分别为99.53%、98.42%和97.96%。接种1个月后,0～14岁儿童脊灰抗体阳性率97.70%。结论该次强免活动疫苗接种率较高,接种效果较好,0～14岁儿童对脊髓灰质炎建立了比较牢固的免疫屏障。但零剂次儿童的存在,提示常规免疫工作中有薄弱环节,免疫空白仍然存在。儿童完成全程免疫是保证免疫效果的基础,强化免疫只能是一种对常规免疫的补充,不能以强化免疫代替常规免疫,建立可持续发展的免疫规划仍是目前工作的重点。
Objective To evaluate the effect of strengthening the immunization activities of children poliomyelitis vaccine in Aba, Garze and Liangshan areas in western Sichuan province in 2012 and provide the basis for continuing polio-free work in the future. Methods Three intensified poliovaccine vaccination activities were carried out in Aba, Garze and Liangshan districts in 2012 in accordance with the program of intensified polio activity, and the site-specific assessment of the vaccination coverage rate and the poliovirus vaccination Target Children Serum Antibody Level Monitoring. Results The reported poliovirus rates of the three poliovirus groups were 97.54%, 97.77% and 96.94%, respectively, reaching the goal of more than 95%. A total of 15 583 children with zero doses were reported. Children with zero doses mainly concentrated on children aged 0-1 (51.71%). The percentage of zero-dose children who were older than 1 year old decreased significantly. Three rounds of rapid assessment of vaccination rates were 99.53%, 98.42% and 97.96%. After 1 month of vaccination, the positive rate of poliovirus in 0 ~ 14-year-old children was 97.70%. Conclusion The vaccination rate of intensive immunization activities was high and the vaccination effect was good. Children aged 0-14 years established relatively strong immune barrier to poliomyelitis. However, the presence of zero-dose children suggests that there is a weak link in routine immunization work, and the immunization gap still exists. Children to complete the whole immune system is to ensure that the basis of immunization, intensive immunization can only be a supplement to conventional immunization, immunization can not be replaced by conventional immunization, the establishment of sustainable development of immunization programs is still the focus of the current work.